Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective
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Dote Montero, ManuelEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Cardiovascular health Metabolic rate Energy expenditure Fat oxidation Alternate-day fasting Twice-weekly fasting 5:2 diet Modified periodic fasting Fasting-mimicking diet Time-restricted eating Ramadan Exercise
Date
2022-01-23Referencia bibliográfica
Dote-Montero, M.; Sanchez-Delgado, G.; Ravussin, E. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective. Nutrients 2022, 14, 489. [https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030489]
Sponsorship
Spanish Government FPU18/03357; Nutrition Obesity Research Center (NORC) P30DK072476; Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center U54 GM104940Abstract
This review summarizes the effects of different types of intermittent fasting (IF) on human
cardiometabolic health, with a focus on energy metabolism. First, we discuss the coordinated
metabolic adaptations (energy expenditure, hormonal changes and macronutrient oxidation) occurring
during a 72 h fast. We then discuss studies investigating the effects of IF on cardiometabolic
health, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Finally, we discuss how IF may be optimized
by combining it with exercise. In general, IF regimens improve body composition, ectopic fat, and
classic cardiometabolic risk factors, as compared to unrestricted eating, especially in metabolically
unhealthy participants. However, it is still unclear whether IF provides additional cardiometabolic
benefits as compared to continuous daily caloric restriction (CR). Most studies found no additional
benefits, yet some preliminary data suggest that IF regimens may provide cardiometabolic benefits in
the absence of weight loss. Finally, although IF and continuous daily CR appear to induce similar
changes in energy expenditure, IF regimens may differentially affect substrate oxidation, increasing
protein and fat oxidation. Future tightly controlled studies are needed to unravel the underlying
mechanisms of IF and its role in cardiometabolic health and energy metabolism.