Alcohol Consumption, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
Metadatos
Mostrar el registro completo del ítemEditorial
MDPI
Materia
Alcohol Osteoporosis Bone mineral density Meta-analysis Bone health Fractures
Fecha
2022-01-28Referencia bibliográfica
Godos, J... [et al.]. Alcohol Consumption, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1515. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031515]
Resumen
Excess alcohol consumption is known to be detrimental to human health. However, the role
of light-to-moderate alcohol intake is under investigation for potential certain health benefits—mostly
related to the cardiovascular system. Nevertheless, there is no univocal agreement on this matter, and
research is still ongoing to clarify whether there might be other potential outcomes affected by alcohol
intake. In this regard, there is evidence that excess alcohol intake may negatively influence the risk of
osteoporotic fractures. However, there is no comprehensive evidence of literature assessing the role of
alcohol consumption in bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Thus, the
aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the dose–response relationship between alcohol intake
and BMD and risk of osteoporotic fractures. The Embase and MEDLINE electronic databases were
searched from their inception to December 2021 for articles providing a quantifiable measurement
of alcohol consumption for at least three categories and (1) a measurement of BMD (and dispersion
as continuous variables) in some area of the body or (2) risk of osteoporotic fracture provided as
relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) as the measure of the
association of each category with alcohol intake. A total of 11 studies including 46,916 individuals
with BMD assessment and 8 studies including 240,871 individuals with risk of fracture analysis were
included. Compared to non-drinkers, consumption of up to two standard drinks of alcohol per day
was correlated with higher lumbar and femur neck BMD values, while up to one standard drink of
alcohol was correlated with higher hip BMD compared to no alcohol consumption. Higher risk of
hip fractures was found starting from three standard drinks of alcohol per day (RR = 1.33, 95% CI:
1.04; 1.69 for three alcoholic drinks/d, and RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.23; 2.05 for four alcoholic drinks/d)
compared to no alcohol consumption, with no evidence of heterogeneity. Concerning the risk of
any osteoporotic fractures, the risk steadily increased with higher intake of alcohol, although never
reaching statistical significance. In conclusion, there is consistent evidence that increased alcohol
consumption is associated with higher risk of osteoporotic hip fracture; however, the role of alcohol
at lower doses is uncertain, as BMD was even higher in light drinkers compared to abstainers.