Rapid Climate Changes in the Westernmost Mediterranean (Alboran Sea) Over the Last 35 kyr: New Insights From Four Lipid Paleothermometers (UK' 37, TEXH 86, RI-OH', and LDI)

Abstract

The westernmost Mediterranean is one of the most sensitive areas to global climate change and high sedimentation rates allow recording high frequency variability. We present a high-resolution paleotemperature reconstruction over the last 35 kyr using, for the first time, four independent organic sea surface temperature (SST) proxies (UK' 37, TEXH 86, RI-OH' and LDI) based on alkenones, (hydroxy) isoprenoid GDGTs, and long-chain diols. We also generated a δ18O of planktonic foraminifera G. bulloides record together with records of bulk parameters (total organic carbon content, δ13Corg) and the accumulation rates of different biomarkers to provide insights into terrestrial input and primary producers. All derived-SST records showed similar trends over the last 35 kyr, revealing abrupt temperature variations during the last seven Dansgaard- Oeschger (D/O) cycles, the three Heinrich (H) events, the Last Glacial Maximum, and the Younger Dryas. H3 is recognized as the coldest event, while H1 was recorded by all SST proxies as the most abrupt one. In general, TEXH 86-, RI-OH'- and LDI-SST estimates were lower than those obtained from UK' 37. The LDI paleothermometer recorded the largest range of absolute SSTs over the whole period (ca. 20°C) followed by RI-OH' (ca. 16°C). TEXH 86, RI-OH' and LDI proxies reflected sudden SST changes during the D/O 6 and 5 particularly well. Low BIT values and the abundance of C32 1,15-diol in range with typical marine values indicated only minor input of continental organic matter. Accumulation rates of different lipid biomarkers were generally modulated by D/O cycles, suggesting enhanced productivity during D/O interstadials and the Bölling- Alleröd period.