The energy spectrum of cosmic rays beyond the turn-down around 1017 eV as measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory
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Springer
Fecha
2021-11-02Referencia bibliográfica
Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J.M. et al. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays beyond the turn-down around 10171017 eV as measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 966 (2021). [https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09700-w]
Patrocinador
ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Belgium – Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique; Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire PNC-IN2P3/CNRS; Département Sciences de l’Univers; Feder Funds; María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692; Ministero degli Affari Esteri; RENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas FPA2015-68783-REDT; SURF; National Science Foundation 0450696; U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FG02-99ER41107, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-SC0011689; University of Delaware Research Foundation; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; Australian Research Council; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 1999/05404-3, 2010/07359-6, 2019/10151-2; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología 167733; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS I0-0033, N1-0111, P1-0031, P1-0385; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki DIR/WK/2018/11; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ministry of Education and Research, Romania PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, PN19060102, PN19150201/16N/2019; European Regional Development Fund; Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España FPA2017-85114-P, PID2019-104676GB-C32; Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07; Junta de Andalucía P18-FR-4314; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010, LM2015038, LM2018102, MSMT CR LTT18004; Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade; Institut Lagrange de ParisResumen
We present a measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum above 100 PeV using the part of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory that has a spacing of 750 m. An inflection of the spectrum is observed, confirming the presence of the so-called second-knee feature. The spectrum is then combined with that of the 1500 m array to produce a single measurement of the flux, linking this spectral feature with the three additional breaks at the highest energies. The combined spectrum, with an energy scale set calorimetrically via fluorescence telescopes and using a single detector type, results in the most statistically and systematically precise measurement of spectral breaks yet obtained. These measurements are critical for furthering our understanding of the highest energy cosmic rays.