Multilayer Network Optimization for 5G & 6G

Abstract

Mobile communications are growing and the number of users is constantly increasing at an accelerated rate, as well as the demand for the services they request. In the last few years, many efforts have focused on the design and deployment of the new fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. However, novel highly demanding applications, which are already emerging, need to go beyond 5G in order to meet the requirements in terms of network performance. But, at the same time, as the Earth does not allow us to increase the carbon footprint anymore, the energy consumption of the communication networks has to be critically taken into consideration. A multi-objective approach for addressing all these issues is therefore required. This work develops a cellular network framework that allows the evaluation of different system parameters over dynamic traffic patterns, as well as optimizing the different conflicting objectives simultaneously. The novelty relies on that the optimization process integrates key performance indicators from different layers of the network, namely the radio and the network layers, aiming at reaching solutions that account for the power consumption of the base stations, the total capacity provided to mobile users and also the signaling cost generated by handovers. Moreover, new metrics are needed to evaluate different solutions. Starting from the well-known energy efficiency merit factor (bits/Joule), three new merit factors are proposed to classify the network performance since they take into account several network parameters at the same time. These indicators show us the ideal working point that can be used to plan the point of operation of the network. These operation points are a medium-high power and capacity load and a low signaling load.