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dc.contributor.authorAaboud, M.
dc.contributor.authorAguilar Saavedra, Juan Antonio 
dc.contributor.authorAtlas Collaboration
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-24T08:34:41Z
dc.date.available2020-07-24T08:34:41Z
dc.date.issued2017-08-14
dc.identifier.citationAaboud, M., Aad, G., Abbott, B. et al. Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Nature Phys 13, 852–858 (2017). [https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys4208]es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10481/63120
dc.descriptionWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZC, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements dAvenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. 51.es_ES
dc.description.abstractLight-by-light scattering (γγ → γγ) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead ions. Using 480 μb−1 of lead–lead collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, here we report evidence for light-by-light scattering. A total of 13 candidate events were observed with an expected background of 2.6 ± 0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross-section of the process Pb + Pb (γγ) → Pb(∗) + Pb(∗)γγ, for photon transverse energy ET > 3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity |η| < 2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 ± 24 (stat.) ± 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with the standard model predictions.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipBCKDFes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipCanada Counciles_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipCANARIEes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipAustralian Governmentes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipDepartment of Industry, Innovation and Sciencees_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipCooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programmees_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipCompute Canadaes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipFQRNTes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipOntario Innovation Trust, Canadaes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipEPLANETes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Research Council (ERC)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union (EU)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipFP7es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipHorizon 2020es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipFrench National Research Agency (ANR)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipFondation Partager le Savoir, Francees_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipGerman Research Foundation (DFG)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipAlexander von Humboldt Foundationes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipThales programmees_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipAristeia programmees_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipGreek Ministry of Development-GSRTes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipBSF, Israeles_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Developmentes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipMinerva, Israeles_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipBRF, Norwayes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipGeneralitat Valencianaes_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipRoyal Society of Londones_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipLeverhulme Trustes_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherSpringer Naturees_ES
dc.rightsAtribución 3.0 España*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/*
dc.titleEvidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHCes_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/nphys4208
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiones_ES


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