Seroprevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in pregnant women in Spain. Risk factors for vertical transmission
Metadatos
Afficher la notice complèteAuteur
Ruiz Extremera, Ángeles; Díaz Alcázar, María del Mar; Muñoz Gámez, José Antonio; Carretero, Pilar; Gallo Vallejo, José Luis; Quiles-Pérez, Rosa; Muñoz de Rueda, Paloma; Expoósito Ruiz, Manuela; Salmerón Escobar, Francisco JavierEditorial
Public Library of Science
Date
2020-05Referencia bibliográfica
Ruiz-Extremera A´, Dı´az-Alca´zar MdM, Muñoz-Ga´mez JA, Cabrera-Lafuente M, Martı´n E, Arias-Llorente RP, et al. (2020) Seroprevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis B and C viruses in pregnant women in Spain. Risk factors for vertical transmission. PLoS ONE 15(5): e0233528. [https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233528]
Patrocinador
This study received financial assistance from the following: Ciberehd, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Instituto de Salud Carlos III. ISCIII, Proyecto del Plan Nacional I+D+i 2013-2016 (PI13/01925), Confinanciacio´n Fondos FEDER. Gilead Fellowship Program (GLD14-00292 and GLD15-00307).Résumé
Background & aim
Worldwide, measures are being implemented to eradicate hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV)
viruses, which can be transmitted from the mother during childbirth. This study aims to
determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in pregnant women in Spain, focusing on country of origin, epidemiological factors and risk of vertical transmission (VT).
Methodology
Multicentre open-cohort study performed during 2015. HBV prevalence was determined in
21870 pregnant women and HCV prevalence in 7659 pregnant women. Epidemiological
and risk factors for VT were analysed in positive women and differences between HBV and
HCV cases were studied.
Results
HBV prevalence was 0.42% (91/21870) and HCV prevalence was 0.26% (20/7659). Of the
women with HBV, 65.7% (44/67) were migrants. The HBV transmission route to the mother
was unknown in 40.3% of cases (27/67) and VT in 31.3% (21/67). Among risk factors for
VT, 67.7% (42/62) of the women had viraemia and 14.5% (9/62) tested HBeAg-positive. All of the neonates born to HBV-positive mothers received immunoprophylaxis, and none contracted infection by VT. In 80% (16/20) of the women with HCV, the transmission route was
parenteral, and nine were intravenous drug users. Viraemia was present in 40% (8/20) of
the women and 10% (2/20) were HIV-coinfected. No children were infected. Women with
HCV were less likely than women with HBV to breastfeed their child (65% vs. 86%).
Conclusions
The prevalences obtained in our study of pregnant women are lower than those previously
documented for the general population. Among the women with HBV, the majority were
migrants and had a maternal family history of infection, while among those with HCV, the
most common factor was intravenous drug use. Despite the risk factors observed for VT,
none of the children were infected. Proper immunoprophylaxis is essential to prevent VT in
children born to HBV-positive women.