Estudio descriptivo de la enfermedad isquémica cerebrovascular: zona del poniente almeriense

Abstract

Objetivos: Analizar las características etiológicas, clínicoevolutivas y terapéuticas de la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) aguda isquémica en el Poniente Almeriense. Pacientes y Métodos: Diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal. Período: junio 2005 junio 2006. Ámbito: Hospital de Poniente. Almería. Casuística: Pacientes ingresados en Medicina Interna con diagnóstico de ictus isquémico. Metodología: revisión de historias clínicas con variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Método estadístico: análisis descriptivo de variables mediante paquete SPSS.V 10.1. Resultados: Revisamos 243 pacientes, ingresaron 172 (70.7%). Tiempo evolutivo inferior a 6 horas 40.6% ; edad media: 73 años; 50% varones. 94% autóctonos, 6% inmigrantes. 72% hipertensos, 35% ictus previo. Síntoma más común disartria (59%). A todos se les realizó TAC craneal antes de las 6 horas y antiagregación antes de las 48 horas. El 30% recibieron rehabilitación precoz y 12% fallecieron en las primeras semanas. Conclusiones: Características clínico-epidemiológicas similares a literatura nacional e internacional; si bien, hay una menor incidencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular y tiempo evolutivo mayor a la media nacional.

Objectives: To analize the etiology, clinical evolutive and therapeutic features in ischemic cerebrovacular disease at the western region of Almería (Spain). Patients and methods: Design: a transversal study. Period of the study: June 2005 –June 2006. Setting-up: Hospital de Poniente, Almería. Subjects: Inpatients at the Department of Internal Medicine with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Measurements: After reviewing clinical records and complimentary tests, a descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic. Statistical analysis:A descriptive analysis of all variables was performed by the software SPSS.V 10.1. Results: 243 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease were evaluated, and 172 (70,8%) remain inpatients at the Internal Medicine Department. Mean time-course for symptoms was < 6h in 40.6% cases; mean age was 73 years old and 50% were men. Ninety-four percent were autochthonous and only 6% were inmigrants. Previous history revealed that 72% individuals had high blood pressure levels and 35% a previous stroke. The most frequent symptom observed was dysartria (59%). All patients were evaluated by a cranial CT scan before 6 h and antiagregant therapy was administered in the first 48 h. Thirty percent of cases received early rehabilitation and 12% died in the first week during their stay at the hospital. Conclusions: Epidemiologic features of cerebrovacular disease (CVD) were comparable to those described in the national and international literature, although in our cases there is a lower incidence of CVD and duration of disease, until contact with the health system, higher than the national average.