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dc.contributor.authorPadrón, D.es_ES
dc.contributor.authorLyamani, H.es_ES
dc.contributor.authorTitos Vela, Gloria es_ES
dc.contributor.authorCasquero Vera, Juan Andrés es_ES
dc.contributor.authorCardell Fernández, Carolina es_ES
dc.contributor.authorMočnik, G.es_ES
dc.contributor.authorAlados Arboledas, Lucas es_ES
dc.contributor.authorOlmo Reyes, Francisco José es_ES
dc.date.accessioned2017-12-14T13:51:57Z
dc.date.available2017-12-14T13:51:57Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationPadrón, D.; et al. Monumental heritage exposure to urban black carbon pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 170: 22-32 (2017). [http://hdl.handle.net/10481/48543]es_ES
dc.identifier.issn1352-2310
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10481/48543
dc.description.abstractIn this study, aerosol light-absorption measurements obtained at three sites during a winter campaign were used to analyse and identify the major sources of Black Carbon (BC) particles in and around the Alhambra monument, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that receives over 2 million visitors per year. The Conditional Bivariate Probability Function and the Aethalometer model were employed to identify the main sources of BC particles and to estimate the contributions of biomass burning and fossil fuel emissions to the total Equivalent Black Carbon (EBC) concentrations over the monumental complex. Unexpected high levels of EBC were found at the Alhambra, comparable to those measured in relatively polluted European urban areas during winter. EBC concentrations above 3.0 μg/m3, which are associated with unacceptable levels of soiling and negative public reactions, were observed at Alhambra monument on 13 days from 12 October 2015 to 29 February 2016, which can pose a risk to its long-term conservation and may cause negative social and economic impacts. It was found that road traffic emissions from the nearby urban area and access road to the Alhambra were the main sources of BC particles over the monument. However, biomass burning emissions were found to have very small impact on EBC concentrations at the Alhambra. The highest EBC concentrations were observed during an extended stagnant episode associated with persistent high-pressure systems, reflecting the large impact that can have these synoptic conditions on BC over the Alhambra.en_EN
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 654109, ACTRIS-2.en_EN
dc.description.sponsorshipSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER through project CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2016-81092-R 598 and CGL2012-30729.en
dc.description.sponsorshipAndalusia Regional Government through project P12- RNM-2409 and P12-FQM-1889.en
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherElsevieres_ES
dc.relationinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/654109es_ES
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Licenseen_EN
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/en_EN
dc.subjectBlack carbon aerosolen_EN
dc.subjectAethalometersen_EN
dc.subjectStagnant atmospheric conditionsen_EN
dc.subjectCultural heritageen_EN
dc.titleMonumental heritage exposure to urban black carbon pollutionen_EN
dc.typepreprinten_EN
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accessen_EN
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.030


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