Infrasound array Dataset of the 2021 Eruptive Paroxysms of Etna Volcano

Abstract

Infrasound is a valuable tool for volcano monitoring that can offer critical insights into volcanic processes, unrest and eruption. Over the last two decades, studies have shown the benefits of using local infrasound arrays - clusters of sensors near active vents - for real-time detection, tracking, and quantifying eruption intensity. This work introduces the first open-access dataset of infrasound array waveforms recorded at Mt. Etna, Italy, from May to October 2021 during intense eruptive activity. The 6-element array was installed at Monte Conca, near a permanent seismic station operated by the Istituto di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Osservatorio Etneo, at about 6 km from the South-East Crater. The continuous monitoring captured 39 eruptions, successfully detecting all events, tracking their progression, and distinguishing activity from multiple vents. This manuscript details the array setup and summarizes volcanic activity during deployment, supporting future research and monitoring efforts. The dataset aims to aid development of early warning systems and serves as a valuable training tool for early-career scientists in the fields of volcano monitoring.