Effect of Vermicomposts from Wastes of the Wine and Alcohol Industries in the Persistence and Distribution of Imidacloprid and Diuron on Agricultural Soils

Abstract

The persistence and distribution of diuron (D) and imidacloprid (I) in soils amended or not with winery vermicomposts were recorded for several months. Sandy loam (S1) and silty clay loam (S2) soils with organic carbon contents of <1% were selected. After incubation, around 78% of I remained in the soil and no metabolites were found. Diuron was dissipated more rapidly except in the unamended soil S1 with DT50 values of 259 days. The addition of vermicomposts to S1 soil decreased the persistence of D, and high amounts of DPMU (40%) and DPU (20%) metabolites were found. In unamended and amended S2 soils, the persistence of D was lower than in S1 (DT50 < 42 days) but only DPMU was determined (up to 5%). Different simulation models from FOCUS guidelines were applied to the experimental data. No relationship between pesticide degradation and soil enzyme activities was found.