Dental health as a determinant of operational readiness in military populations: Evidence from Ceuta (Spain)

Abstract

The Spanish Armed Forces require optimal oral health to ensure operability during international missions. In a cross-sectional study with a sample of 691 military personnel, 17.66% were classified as temporarily unfit (NAT), predominantly among enlisted ranks (21.7%). Employment status and smoking showed significant associations with NAT (P < .000), while gender, age, and alcohol consumption were not significant factors. The decayed, missing filled teeth index, particularly its decayed component, was strongly related to NAT (P = .000). Periodontal disease presence and the need for multiple dental treatments significantly increased NAT prevalence (P < .000). Use of dental floss correlated with higher fitness, whereas mouthwash use was associated with increased NAT (P < .05). These findings highlight the importance of prevention and risk factor control to maintain oral fitness and ensure military personnel effectiveness during deployments.