Influence of 2-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid on Growth Factor Release From Dentin in Regenerative Endodontic Treatments. A Laboratory Study

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) on the TGF-β1, IGF-1, BMP-7, and VEGF-A release from root canal dentin, compared to calcium hydroxide (CH) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) in regenerative endodontic treatments (RET). Forty-eight single-canal teeth were prepared to mimic immature teeth and treated according to the RET protocol. Teeth were divided into three experimental (HICA, CH, and DAP) and one control (non-dressed) group. TGF-β1, BMP-7, IGF-1 and VEGF-A levels were measured using an ELISA kit on days 1 and 7. Significantly higher TGF-β1 release was found in the HICA and CH groups than in the other groups (p < 0.05). While the levels of growth factor release were notably higher on day 7 in the HICA group (p < 0.05), the values remained consistent across both time intervals within the control group. HICA proved to be effective as an intracanal medicament in enhancing the release of growth factors.