Are FoMO, Experiential Avoidance, and Emotional Distress Related to Problematic Social Network Use in Young Adults?

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Social networks have brought exciting possibilities for interacting with others in real time, anywhere in the world. However, problematic social network use (PSNU) causes distress and dysfunction in daily life. Young people may be vulnerable due to their high degree of digital connectivity and the particularities of psychosocial development. The primary aim of this study was to assess the presence of PSNU and its relationship with anxiety, depression, stress, fear of missing out (FoMO), and experiential avoidance in young people, while also examining gender differences. Methods: An online survey was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 219 young people between the ages of 18 and 25 (M = 20.50, SD = 2.42; 74.4% women), which included self-report measures of the aforementioned variables. Results: A total of 27.4% reported PSNU, but there were no differences by gender. PSNU was positively and significantly related to all the variables analyzed, with the highest correlations being with FoMO and experiential avoidance, especially in women. Regression analysis showed that the set of variables explains 17.2% of the variance in PSNU, but only FoMO contributed positively and significantly to PSNU in the overall sample and in women, but not in men. Conclusions: This is the first study to jointly compare the predictive power of key variables (anxiety, depression, stress, experiential avoidance, and FoMO) on PSNU in young adults. Additionally, we examined gender differences and utilized validated instruments. Our results show that only FoMO plays a relevant role in accounting for PSNU variance, although more so in women than in men. Also, the scores in experiential avoidance are significantly higher in women compared with men. These results support the idea that PSNU may serve as a strategy for avoiding distress, specifically FoMO, particularly in women. In terms of clinical implications, it would be highly interesting to analyze the ways and contexts in which social media could be used in a healthier manner and in alignment with personal values.