Systematic meta-review on migrant healthcare access: Language barriers and the role of translation

Abstract

A key challenge migrants face is communication, particularly when they move to countries whose local language they do not speak. Language barriers create significant obstacles in accessing essential services, especially healthcare. These barriers hinder communication between migrants and healthcare providers, resulting in unmet medical needs and adverse health outcomes. In this context, the role of translation and cultural mediation as tools to bridge communication gaps becomes critical. This study conducts a meta-review of existing literature to examine the barriers migrants face in accessing healthcare and explore the role of translation in these circumstances. A sample of 38 literature reviews were selected for analysis. The methodology followed PRISMA guidelines, and qualitative data analysis was performed using NVivo software. Four key themes were identified: access to healthcare, translation, impact on migrant health, and challenges for migrant women. The findings reveal that language, cultural, and economic barriers create difficulties for migrants. Language barriers prevent migrants from understanding medical instructions, navigating healthcare systems, and building trust with providers. Although translation services have demonstrated their potential to mitigate these issues, they remain underutilized. The study concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for systemic measures to promote equitable access to healthcare for migrants. Recommendations include integrating professional translation services into healthcare systems, training providers in cultural competency, and addressing the economic barriers that prevent many migrants from seeking care. By prioritizing these strategies, healthcare systems can better meet the needs of diverse migrant populations and foster more inclusive, equitable care.