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dc.contributor.authorAbdul Halim, A.
dc.contributor.authorPierre Auger Collaboration, /
dc.contributor.authorBueno Villar, Antonio 
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-30T08:33:01Z
dc.date.available2025-06-30T08:33:01Z
dc.date.issued2025-01-13
dc.identifier.citationA. Abdul Halim et al. (Pierre Auger Collaboration), (2025). Inference of the mass composition of cosmic rays with energies from 10^{18.5} to 10^{20} eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory and deep learning. Physical Review Letters, 134(2), 021001. [DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.021001]es_ES
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10481/104950
dc.description.abstractWe present measurements of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum 𝑋�max, inferred for the first time on an event-by-event level using the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Using deep learning, we were able to extend measurements of the 𝑋�max distributions up to energies of 100 EeV (1020  eV), not yet revealed by current measurements, providing new insights into the mass composition of cosmic rays at extreme energies. Gaining a 10-fold increase in statistics compared to the fluorescence detector data, we find evidence that the rate of change of the average 𝑋�max with the logarithm of energy features three breaks at 6.5±0.6⁢(stat)±1⁢(syst)  EeV, 11 ±2⁢(stat) ±1⁢(syst)  EeV, and 31 ±5⁢(stat) ±3⁢(syst)  EeV, in the vicinity to the three prominent features (ankle, instep, suppression) of the cosmic-ray flux. The energy evolution of the mean and standard deviation of the measured 𝑋�max distributions indicates that the mass composition becomes increasingly heavier and purer, thus being incompatible with a large fraction of light nuclei between 50 and 100 EeV.es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019–105544 GBI00, PID2022-140510NB-I00, and RYC2019-027017-I)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipJunta de Andalucía (SOMM17/6104/UGR and P18-FR-4314)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union (Marie Sklodowska-Curie 101065027 and ERDF)es_ES
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union - NextGenerationEU (CN_00000013)es_ES
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherAmerican Physical Societyes_ES
dc.rightsAtribución 4.0 Internacional*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.titleInference of the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with Energies from 10^18.5 to 10^20  eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory and Deep Learninges_ES
dc.typejournal articlees_ES
dc.rights.accessRightsopen accesses_ES
dc.identifier.doi10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.021001
dc.type.hasVersionVoRes_ES


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Atribución 4.0 Internacional
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