Evaluating soil respiration and water infiltration in esparto grasslands: the effects of hillslope position and soil management in arid, human‑affected Mediterranean environments

Abstract

Stipa tenacissima L., commonly known as esparto grass, is a key species in semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystems, historically valued for its use in crafts and agriculture. However, the widespread abandonment of esparto grasslands has led to significant soil degradation, including erosion, reduced water retention, and nutrient loss. In Benamaurel, Granada (Southern Spain), where these grasslands once thrived, abandonment has exacerbated soil degradation, driven by the region’s distinct geomorphological and climatic conditions, such as saline soils, gypsum deposits, and extreme temperatures. This study aims to assess soil infiltration and respiration dynamics in both cultivated and abandoned esparto grasslands in Benamaurel, considering different hillslope positions (upper, backslope, and footslope). Our results demonstrate significant variability in soil infiltration (differences between 0.5 and 1.5 mm h− 1) and respiration (difference of −9.17 μg m2 hr⁻1 in CO2 emissions), with no consistent trends identified across different hillslope positions or types of land management. Key soil properties, including bulk density, organic matter, and soil water retention capacity (SWRC), play a critical role in these processes, though their effects vary. Long-term monitoring is essential for understanding these dynamics, especially in the context of climate change. Our findings highlight the need for conservation strategies to prevent further soil degradation, promote landscape restoration, and reduce environmental risks. Gaining insight into the effects of abandonment on soil quality in this region is crucial for developing effective land management practices.