Masculinity in Caregiving: Impact on Quality of Life and Self-Stigma in Caregivers of People with Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aims to examine the impact of the caregiving role on quality of life, perceived burden, gender dissonance, and self-stigma among male caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) in Andalusia, Spain. Methods: A total of 44 male caregivers participated, completing questionnaires on sociodemographic and functional characteristics of the persons with MS (PwMS) they cared for. Measures included the Caregiving Tasks in Multiple Sclerosis Scale (CTiMSS), the Zarit Burden In- terview (ZBI), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), gender perception, and self-stigma. Data analysis employed ANOVA and regression analyses to assess the relationship between perceived burden and quality of life. Results: Male caregivers experienced significant burden, particularly in instrumental and social–practical caregiving tasks, with a mean score of 23.9 on the ZBI. Perceived burden was inversely related to quality of life, notably impacting physical and psychological health. Sixteen percent of caregivers reported cogni- tive self-stigma, though without affective or behavioral manifestations. Gender dissonance was observed, as men often perceived certain caregiving tasks as feminine; however, many integrated this role within their masculine identity. Conclusions: Male caregivers of PwMS face the dual burden of caregiving demands and traditional gender expectations. While gender dissonance and low levels of self-stigma were observed, most caregivers adapted by integrating caregiving into their identity. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions to address their unique challenges and enhance their well-being.