Bipolar knapping in Gravettian occupations at El Palomar rockshelter (Yeste, southeastern Spain)

Abstract

This paper examines the stratigraphic sequence of El Palomar rockshelter, paying special attention to the levels associated with the Gravettian. The preliminary techno-typological study of the lithic collections of these Early Upper Paleolithic levels reveals a large number of splintered pieces which have previously been linked with two different activities, namely bipolar flint knapping and the use of intermediate tool (i.e. wedges) for working hard materials such as bone, wood and antler. An experimental programme was carried out in order to establish the different characteristics of pieces resulting from each process, with special emphasis on macroscopic traces. All the main bipolar knapping features identified in this experimental programme were also present in the splintered pieces from El Palomar, thus providing proof that the use of the bipolar knapping method was routine during this period. In addition, there is some discussion of the implications of the use of this knapping method in El Palomar.