Digital 3D modeling using photogrammetry and 3D printing applied to the restoration of a Hispano-Roman architectural ornament

Abstract

New technologies provide the means to record images of cultural assets and, subsequently, process them to obtain virtual or physical items, guaranteeing greater respect for their physical integrity. The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a useful workflow concerning photogrammetric techniques, specific software and 3D printing for the application of non-invasive restoration treatments. The applied methodology was based on the application of photogrammetric digital 3D modeling to obtain virtual models of a Roman cornice from Castulo Archaeological Site (located in Spain), along with the subsequent use of those models for the material restoration of the losses, by making the 3D printing of the piece for the reintegration. The results demonstrate that the losses can be accurately and controllably filled in by direct reintegration, potentially in several 3D printing materials, and by using a mold, which could also be printed. The automatic creation of the mold using specific software could considerably reduce the manufacture process.