https://hdl.handle.net/10481/6935 Mon, 06 Apr 2026 13:02:53 GMT 2026-04-06T13:02:53Z https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101620 An Integrated Approach to Bias in the Spanish Version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) Benítez Baena, Isabel; Van de Vijver, Fons; Padilla García, José Luis Background and Aims: The aim of the paper is to illustrate a comprehensive approach to bias in an application of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among native Spanish people and immigrants in Spain. A comprehensive evaluation of bias can detect combined effects of different types of bias and their causes. Methods: The GHQ-12, administered as part of the 2006 Spanish National Health Survey, was used for evaluating bias. The entire sample of 1251 participants was composed of Spanish and immigrants from Morocco, Ecuador, Romania, and Colombia. Construct, method, and items bias were evaluated, using analyses of measurement invariance, response styles, and Differential Item Functioning, respectively. Results: Integrating the results of the bias analyses, we found that the presence of bias was related to items asking about symptoms, notably dealing with feelings and personal perceptions. Furthermore, colloquialisms in the items led to bias in the comparison of Spanish speakers from Spain and South America (all of whom had Spanish as mother tongue). Discussion: The integrated approach to bias showed the value of examining various forms of bias in an integrated manner. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101620 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101619 Validation of AQoL‑8D: a health‑related quality of life questionnaire for adult patients referred for otolaryngology Obrycka, Anita; Padilla García, José Luis; Lorens, Artur; Skarzynski, Henryk; Skarzynski, Piotr Henryk https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101619 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101554 Adaptation of the intimate partner vilence attitudes scale to colombian culture and colombian spanish Garay Quevedo, Orlando; Padilla García, José Luis https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101554 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101552 A mixed methods approach to the analysis of bias in cross-cultural studies Benítez Baena, Isabel; van de Vijver, Fons; Padilla García, José Luis https://hdl.handle.net/10481/101552 https://hdl.handle.net/10481/66514 Spanish Women Making Risky Decisions in the Social Domain: The Mediating Role of Femininity and Fear of Negative Evaluation Villanueva Moya, Laura; Expósito Jiménez, Francisca Authors have empirically evidenced that cultural stereotypes influence gender-typed behavior. With the present work, we have added to this literature by demonstrating that gender roles can explain sex differences in risk-taking, a stereotypically masculine domain. Our aim was to replicate previous findings and to analyze what variables affect women making risky decisions in the social domain. A sample composed of 417 Spanish participants (281 women and 136 men), between 17 and 30 years old (M = 22.34, SD = 3.01), answered a set of self-report measures referring to femininity, fear of negative evaluation, and social risk-taking. According to the main results, sex indirectly linked to risk-taking in the social domain, through femininity and fear of negative evaluation. Specifically, women (vs. men) self-reported higher feminine traits, which were associated with increased fear of negative evaluation, which in turn was associated with less risky decisions in the social domain. Thus, we have showed the relationship between gender roles and women’s behaviors in a stereotypically masculine domain (risk-taking). Our findings highlight the necessity of considering a gender-based perspective in the field of risk-taking, showing that not all women make more risky decisions in the social domain. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/66514