https://hdl.handle.net/10481/92842 2026-04-14T09:10:10Z https://hdl.handle.net/10481/110752 P-wave seismic interferometric profile within the Granada Basin (Southern-Spain) Araque-Pérez, Carlos José; Stich, Daniel; Teixidó Ullod, Teresa; Carmona, E; Morales Soto, José; Mancilla Pérez, Flor de Lis A detailed seismic imaging profile of the subsurface beneath the Granada Basin (southern Spain) has been generated using P-wave seismic interferometry applied to local microseismicity. The analysis, conducted along a 44 km long, SW–NE trending transect, used 117 well-located earthquakes (12–17 km depth) recorded by only three local stations between 1984 and 2024. Our imaging methodology applies Common Interferometry Points (CIPs), a geometric construction that approximates the stationary phase points for impulsive seismic sources. CIPs provide a robust spatial organization of the interferometric traces, enabling improved stacking, enhanced reflector continuity, and extensive subsurface illumination despite the sparse station coverage. The resulting seismic section reveals the complex crustal architecture in the central part of the basin, including a mid-crustal reflector at 10–15 km depth. This low-angle structure is interpreted as being part of the basal detachment of the basin, decoupling the brittle upper crust from the ductile part. The detachment roots major normal faults that generate horst-and-graben structures within the basin. Integration with four decades of instrumental seismicity supports this structural interpretation and demonstrates the potential of the method to recover deep crustal structure in tectonically active and logistically challenging regions. This research was supported by project PID2023-150188NB-I00 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation), as well as by PID2019- 109608GB-100: Estructura Litosférica y Deformación en las Béticas Orientales, and the program PTA2020-018650-I, all funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. We also thank I. Serrano Bermejo and M. A. Dengra for providing access to profile data from their 3D seismic tomographic model, which greatly assisted the comparison presented in the Supplementary Material. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/108175 High-Resolution GPR Surveys to Investigate the Internal Structure of Pillars Inside the Cathedral of San Giorgio in Ragusa Ibla Morreale, Gabriele; Grassi, Sabrina; Araque-Pérez, Carlos José; Teixidó Ullod, Teresa; Imposa, Sebastiano The Cathedral of San Giorgio, a chief example of Baroque architecture in Sicily (Italy), has been the focus of extensive geophysical investigations aimed at structural and subsoil characterization to support heritage conservation efforts. This study is among the few to apply a high-resolution Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey to the pillars of a Baroque Church, revealing internal structural details not documented in any available historical sources. Using a 2 GHz antenna, parallel radar profiles, spaced 0.05 m apart in both directions, were collected to reconstruct a detailed 3D model of the internal structure. Depth-slice and 3D-view analyses revealed multiple reflector sets corresponding to the different masonry blocks forming the pillars. Distinct internal layers were identified at depths of 0.22–0.30 m and 0.40–0.55 m, indicating blocks approximately 0.20–0.30 m in height and the possible presence of vertical connectors. These results complement previous studies that defined the dynamic parameters of the structure and a 3D velocity model of the subsoil, which suggested anomalies linked to remnants of the ancient Byzantine church of San Nicola. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into the construction techniques and current condition of the pillars, contributing essential data for the planning of conservation and restoration strategies. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/108164 Integration of Geophysical Methods to Obtain a Geoarchaeological Model of the Santa Lucia di Mendola Site (Southeastern Sicily—Italy) Morreale, Gabriele; Grassi, Sabrina; Araque-Pérez, Carlos José; Gilotti, Angelo; Lanteri, Rosa; Storaci, Ermelinda; Teixidó Ullod, Teresa; Imposa, Sebastiano Geophysical prospecting has increasingly become a fundamental tool in archaeological research thanks to its ability to rapidly investigate large areas and detect underground structures without impacting the ground. In this study, an integrated geophysical approach was applied to the early Christian archaeological site of Santa Lucia di Mendola, located in southeastern Sicily (Italy). The site is characterised by a complex stratigraphy developed through the exploitation of existing karst features within the limestone lithotype and includes a dating back to the 4th century A.D. hypogeum, surmounted by the remains of a Byzantine Basilica and a small sacristy carved into the rock. A comprehensive geophysical survey was performed to determine a geoarchaeological model of the area. To evaluate and compare the geophysical responses, some of the main geophysical methods used in archaeology were applied: seismic refraction method (SRT), geoelectric method (ERT), frequency domain electromagnetic method (FDEM) and magnetic survey (MAG). The anomalies identified suggest the presence of additional structures dug into the subsoil, probably connected to those currently accessible. This hypothesis is supported by presence of the remains of a wall located at the northern end of the sacristy corridor, which separates this part of the passage from another area visibly filled with rubble. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/105824 Geological and Geomorphological Characterization of the Anthropogenic Landslide of Pie de la Cuesta in the Vitor Valley, Arequipa, Peru Infa, Rosmery; Chavez, Antenor; Soto, Jorge; Huanca, Joseph; Roberti, Gioachino; Ward, Brent; Aguilar, Rigoberto; Teixidó Ullod, Teresa This study presents the geological and geomorphological characterization of the Pie de la Cuesta landslide, a large (>60 ha) slow-moving (up 4.5 m/month) landslide in Southern Peru. The landslide has been active since 1975 and underwent a significant re-activation in 2016; the mass movement has caused the loss of property and agricultural land and it is currently moving, causing further damage to property and land. We use a combination of historical aerial photographs, satellite images and field work to characterize the landslide’s geology and geomorphology. The landslide is affecting the slope of the Vitor Valley, constituted by a coarsening upward sedimentary sequence transitioning from layers of mudstone and gypsum at the base, to sandstone and conglomerate at the top with a significant ignimbrite layer interbedded within conglomerates near the top of the sequence. The landslide is triggered by an irrigation system that provides up to 10 L/s of water infiltrating the landslide mass. This water forms two groundwater levels at lithological transitions between conglomerates and mudstones, defining the main failure planes. The landslide is characterized by three main structural domains defined by extension, translation and compression deformation regimes. The extensional zone, near the top of the slope, is defined by a main horst–graben structure that transitions into the translation zone defined by toppling and disaggregating blocks that eventually become earth flows that characterize the compressional zone at the front of the landslides, defined by thrusting structures covering the agricultural land at the valley floor. The deformation rates range from 8 cm/month at the top of the slope to 4.5 m/month within the earth flows. As of May 2023, 22.7 ha of potential agricultural land has been buried. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/105033 Modelling array beams for the 1979, 1984 and 2021 Granada earthquakes (southern Spain) Stich, Daniel; Büyükakpınar, Pınar; Cesca, Simone Despite the occurrence of large, past earthquakes in the Central Betic Range (Southern Spain), seismicity recorded with digital seismographs is limited to small magnitude events. Here we are interested in the three strongest events (MW 4.5 to 5.0), of which source models are unclear for different reasons: The June 20th 1979 and June 24th 1984 earthquakes are still characterized by a lack of regional recordings, while the August 12th 2021 earthquake occurred during a teleseismic M8 event. We use beamforming at distant seismic arrays and waveform modelling of depth phases to estimate source parameters for seven earthquakes altogether. The technique is successful at reproducing P-waveforms and at estimating the depth of four recent (1997–2021) earthquakes with MW > 4. In addition, it is also used along with an inverse scheme that yields source mechanisms similar to regional moment tensor solutions. Inversion suggests normal faulting at depths of 7 km and 9 km for the 1984 and 2021 events, which is consistent with our understanding of regional seismotectonics. Beamforming has been able to extract the 2021 waveforms from the M8 coda wavefield, and could be a suitable approach also for other cases of earthquake coincidence. The most noteworthy result is a strike-slip mechanism at 60 km depth for the 1979 earthquake, which is a singular subcrustal event in this area and might be related to tearing at the edge of the Gibraltar slab. D. S. received funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PID2023-150188608NB-I00 and PID2019-109608GB-I00) and P. B. from project 517982028 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation). This study was carried out during a stay of D. S. at GFZ Potsdam, financed through the mobility program of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PRX22/00378).