https://hdl.handle.net/10481/65305 2026-04-04T01:57:28Z https://hdl.handle.net/10481/65363 Job satisfaction and job commitment of Greek tennis, table-tennis and badminton coaches Theodosiou, Argiris; Drakou, Amalia; Sdoukos, Thomas The aim of the study was to investigate job satisfaction and job commitment of coaches of the three major racket sports in Greece: tennis, table-tennis and badminton. One hundred and ten (N = 110) tennis (NT = 61), table-tennis (NTT = 31) and badminton (NB = 18) coaches responded to the Coach Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ), an eleven-factor instrument which assesses coaches’ job satisfaction and to the Occupational-Organizational Commitment Scale, a six factor questionnaire which evaluates the different forms of occupational and organizational commitment. Forty six of the coaches were full-time (NFT = 46) whereas of the rest, sixty four were part-time (NPT = 64). The results of a series of t-tests, ANOVAs and correlation analyses revealed various significant differences and relationships. Some of the most important are that: a) tennis coaches and full-time coaches were more satisfied in most of the job satisfaction dimensions, b) significant correlations were noticed between “job satisfaction” and “organizational commitment” variables, c) “autonomy”, was a predictor of “organizational affective commitment”, d) “satisfaction with coaching job” was the unique predictor of occupational affective and “occupational normative commitment” and e) “team performance” was the only predictor of “occupational continuance commitment”. Most of the results are in accordance with the existing job satisfaction literature however, further research is needed on human relation practices of National Federations and/or sport clubs associated with them, in order to have a better understanding of how certain practices and policies lead to higher levels of job satisfaction, organizational and occupational commitment among racket sport coaches. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/65362 Consumption habits and economic impact of Liebherr 2019 ITTF World Table Tennis Championships Laczkó, Tamás; Ács, Pongrác; Stocker, Miklós; Páar, Dávid Organising international sports events became one of the most important elements of the prioritized sports sector in Hungary. The main goal of this study was to examine the economic impact of Liebherr 2019 ITTF World Table Tennis Championships (WTTC) for the Hungarian GDP. The impact is based on consumption habits of stakeholders and total budget of organisers so it was necessary to analyse the characteristics of passive sports tourists and all other stakeholders and their spending too. Consumption of stakeholders were surveyed with questionnaire (n=1097) and the budget of the organisers were presented by the Hungarian Table Tennis Association. We have used the secondary data of Hungarian Statistical Office and Eurostat for input-output modelling. Expenditures and spending behaviour of stakeholders were calculated by inferential statistics, differences were tested by independent-samples T tests, ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Input-output modelling method was used for estimating the direct and indirect macroeconomic impacts. Daily spending of domestic (47.9 EUR/day) and foreign (102.8 EUR/day) passive sports tourists coming to the WTTC were calculated. Foreign passive sports tourists spent an average 3.85 days in the country. Examining the macroeconomic effects it can be stated that every EUR of government support increased the country’s GDP by 1.21 EUR and generated a tax of 1.01 EUR in 2019. Expenditures of spectators and participants contributed 24% of the generated GDP. Passive sports tourists of WTTC spent more money than the general domestic and foreign tourists (20.6 EUR/day and 51.8 EUR/day respectively) or even the domestic or foreign sports tourists (24.7 EUR/day and 54.7 EUR/day respectively). They spent more time than general foreign tourists or foreign sports tourists as well (2.26 days and 2.29 days respectively) in Hungary. The Hungarian government provided almost 4 million euros support to the organisers and this amount is exceeded by the total contribution of WTTC to the Hungarian GDP (4.7 million EUR). https://hdl.handle.net/10481/65360 Scoring bias caused by services in table tennis: a statistical analysis Tamaki, Sho; Yoshida, Kazuto In table tennis, servers have the potential advantage of scoring bias when serving. However, the length of the scoring bias, i.e. the shot number where any bias is eliminated, has not been clarified. This study aimed to clarify the level and length of scoring bias occurring at services in table tennis. We analysed 45 men’s singles matches (3,665 rallies) and 29 women’s singles matches (2,352 rallies) from the 2012 London Olympic games and 49 men’s singles matches (4,404 rallies) and 31 women’s singles matches (2,320 rallies) from the 2016 Rio Olympic games. The statistical analysis revealed that services generate a low scoring phase at the second shot and slightly high scoring phase at the third shot. Moreover, the level of the scoring bias became trivial after the third shot, although a small scoring bias could remain. Players should therefore be cautious of a scoring bias until the third shot. In the gender comparison, the scoring bias observed in matches of male players was larger than that of female players up to the third shot. This result indicates that male players are more likely to take advantage of service than female players. In the winner/loser comparison, it was found that losers use the service to create scoring bias as effectively as winners do. Losers’ inferior skills and tactics in the shots after services were the major factor in the difference in the occurrence of missed shots between winners and losers. Finally, we found that the performance of each shot number should be analysed separately up to the third shot, as the remaining effect of the service is remarkably different among shot numbers. The results of this study contribute important suggestions to the conventional methods of performance analysis that empirically separate a rally into three phases. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/65350 Comparing Thirty30 Tennis with Traditional Tennis O'Donoghue, Peter Gerard; Milne, Mark John Thirty30 is a shorter format of tennis where games start at 30-30. This means that a greater proportion of points are game points or break points than would be the case in traditional tennis. The purpose of the current paper is to compare the probability of players of different abilities winning games, sets and matches between Thirty30 tennis and traditional tennis. This is done using probabilistic models of each format of tennis. The results show that there is reduced dominance of the serve and a greater probability of upsets in Thirty30 tennis than in traditional tennis. The models are also experimented with, adjusting the probability of winning points where the point is a game point or a break point. The paper shows that such scoreline effects have a greater impact in Thirty30 tennis than they do in traditional tennis. This has implications for player preparation for Thirty30 tennis. https://hdl.handle.net/10481/65347 Benefits of an intervention programme with racket sports in primary school students. Racket sports in elementary school students Ruiz-Malagón, Emilio; Delgado-García, Gabriel; López-Gutiérrez, Elena; Zurita Ortega, Félix; Soto Hermoso, Víctor Manuel This experimental study is aimed at implementing a one-month racket sports programme within a sample of students aged 9 to 13 years in order to analyze its motivational climate effects during physical education lessons in a primary school context. The intervention programme was carried out on 40 of the 285 participants, the rest of the sample were used for descriptive purposes. The subjects participated voluntarily and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control (n = 20) and experimental (n = 20). The programme consisted of eight sessions of different racket sports (tennis, paddle, badminton and table tennis). Motivational climate was extracted from the “Questionnaire of Motivational Climate Perceived in Sport” (PMCSQ-2). PMCSQ-2 reported two dimensions, task and ego. Regarding the results obtained, no changes were found in the control group. However, in the experimental group there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the orientation towards the task (3.22 vs 4.36), leading to the detriment of the ego orientation (3.4 vs 2.25). Thus, racket sports activity seem to be adequate to change motivational orientation towards the task, which has been reported to increase intrinsic motivation and to reduce stress and anxiety in physical education lessons.