CTS527 - Artículos
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/5500
2024-03-28T08:25:24ZAssessment of feedback devices for performance monitoring in master’s swimmers
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/84692
Assessment of feedback devices for performance monitoring in master’s swimmers
Rodríguez-Gallego, Laura; López Contreras, Gracia; Delgado García, Gabriel Antonio; Cuenca Fernández, Francisco
In recent years, new portable performance monitoring devices have appeared in swimming. The study aims to establish the current validity of the FORM Goggles, Finis Stopwatch, and the Garmin Swim 2 Watch, for the partial and total times and stroke count (experiment 1; n = 17) and to compare the effect of the devices considered as valid in monitoring the pace of master swimmers (experiment 2; n = 10). The FORM Goggles and the Finis Stopwatch showed good level of agreement and accuracy (Bland Altman plots showed homoscedasticity and in most cases Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient were>0.95, and the error magnitude<0.2 seconds). These systems allow better pace control compared to Garmin Swim 2, with a difference between target and actual time below 1.5 %. However, the results showed that the concurrent feedback provided by FORM Smart Swim Goggles could offer greater advantages than the traditional feedback provided via the Finis Stopwatch at the end of each series, as swimmers were closer to the target time (p < 0.05). In conclusion both the FORM Goggles and the Finis Stopwatch, showed a good validity and could serve for performance monitoring in swimming, allowing the Form Goggles better pace control.
The Impact of Wetsuit Use on Swimming Performance, Physiology and Biomechanics: A Systematic Review
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/78440
The Impact of Wetsuit Use on Swimming Performance, Physiology and Biomechanics: A Systematic Review
Gay Párraga, Ana; Ruiz Navarro, Jesús Juan; Cuenca Fernández, Francisco; López Belmonte, Óscar; Abraldes, Arturo; Fernandes, Ricardo; Arellano Colomina, Raúl
This systematic review aims to summarize the effects of wearing different types of wetsuits
and swimsuits in front crawl swimming performance and physiological- and biomechanical-related
variables. The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and the Proceedings of the International Symposium
on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming databases were searched from inception to 25th March
2022. From the 1398 studies initially found, 26 studies were included in the review. The quality
assessment and inter-rater reliability between researchers were conducted. The full body was the
most studied wetsuit, with its use allowing 3.2–12.9% velocity increments in distances ranging from
25 to 1500 m, in incremental tests, in 5 and 30 min continuous swimming and in open water events.
The sleeveless long vs. the full-body wetsuit led to a 400–800 m performance enhancement. Higher
stroke rate, stroke length and stroke index were observed while using three different covered body
part wetsuits vs. a regular swimsuit, with a lower energy cost being observed when swimming
with the full-body wetsuit compared to a swimsuit. These findings provide useful information
for coaches, swimmers and triathletes about the full-body and sleeveless long/short wetsuit use,
since these three wetsuits allow improving swimming performance in different distances in diverse
aquatic environments.
Middle-distance front crawl determinants when using a wetsuit
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/78439
Middle-distance front crawl determinants when using a wetsuit
Gay Párraga, Ana; Ruiz Navarro, Jesús Juan; Cuenca Fernández, Francisco; López Belmonte, Óscar; Fernandes, Ricardo; Arellano Colomina, Raúl
Our aim was to establish the determinants explaining the wetsuit advantages in middle-distance
swimming efforts. Thirty-one triathletes and open water swimmers performed
two 400m front crawl bouts in a 25m swimming pool with swim and wetsuits (with 48h
rest in-between). Anthropometric, kinematic and physiological variables were measured
and Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise linear regression analysis used to
determine their relationships. Associations were observed in the 400m front crawl time
improved using wetsuit with swimmers age (r=0.38;p=0.017), cross-sectional area
(r=0.33;p=0.034), wetsuit upper limbs thickness (r=-0.49;p=0.010), ΔInternational
Swimming Federation Points (r=-0.39;p=0.016), Δstroke rate (SR, r=0.48;p=0.003),
Δstroke length (SL, r=-0.39;p=0.015), Δpropelling efficiency (r=-0.37;p=0.019) and
Δblood lactate concentrations (r=0.30;p=0.048) in the total sample. In females,
associations were found between the time improved and wetsuit upper and lower limbs
thickness (both r=-0.78;p=0.011) and in males between this time improved and age
(r=0.43;p=0.030), ΔSR (r=0.56;p=0.005) and ΔSL (r=-0.44;p=0.026). Furthermore,
48% of the 400m front crawl time improved was explained by wetsuit upper limbs
thickness and SR changes (total sample), 62% explained by the wetsuit lower limbs
thickness (females) and 48% of this enhancement was related to age and SR changes
(males). Therefore, faster upper and lower limbs actions and wetsuit upper and lower
limbs thickness are beneficial for 400m front crawl performance improvement.
Does jumping conducted before the swimming start elicit underwater enhancement?
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/74133
Does jumping conducted before the swimming start elicit underwater enhancement?
Ruiz Navarro, Jesús Juan; Cuenca Fernández, Francisco; Papic, Christopher; Gay Párraga, Ana; Morales-Ortíz, Esther; López Contreras, Gracia; Arellano Colomina, Raúl
The effects of pre-activation exercises on undulatory underwater swimming (UUS) have not been studied. This research aimed to: 1) assess the effects of a jumping-exercise strategy upon UUS performance and kinematics variables; 2) test the different effects on males and females, and; 3) to explore if stronger participants exhibit greater post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE). Ninety-two age-group national level swimmers randomly assigned into control (17 males and 18 females) and experimental groups (27 males and 30 females) took part in a cross-sectional study designed to test two maximal 15-m UUS performance efforts. The experimental group performed four maximal tuck jumps before the first or the second UUS effort. Performance and kinematics variables were analyzed using instantaneous velocity data via speedometer. Maximal lower-limbs force was obtained during a countermovement jump through a linear-encoder. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA test and linear regression analysis were used to explore variable interactions between baseline and PAPE, and the association between the PAPE response and strength of the swimmers, respectively. Despite trends toward improvements in push-off velocity (Δ = 1.33%; d = 0.12), the results did not show enhancements nor deterioration in UUS performance and kinematics after the tuck jumps. No specific PAPE responses modulated by sex or by the strength level of the swimmers were observed for this age-group (p < 0.05). Four tuck jump repetitions executed prior to diving could be insufficient to acutely enhance UUS performance. The fact that the exercise performed during warm-up was a body-weight based exercise, was possibly not enough to evoke PAPE.
A new model of performance classification to standardize the research result in swimming
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/73832
A new model of performance classification to standardize the research result in swimming
Ruiz Navarro, Jesús Juan; López Belmonte, Óscar; Gay Párraga, Ana; Cuenca Fernández, Francisco; Arellano Colomina, Raúl
The level of expertise must be defined for the sample studied when report research in sport. Concretely in
swimming, apart from the participants’ background, the competitive status is based on the level that
swimmers participate. Thus, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) points are added to improve
the sample level characterization. The aim of this study was two-fold: 1) to assess whether national and
regional swimmers from different countries differ in their performance level (based on FINA points), and
2) to propose a model that allows standardizing the research results in swimming. The FINA points of 5876 participants (males = 2962 and females = 2914) in 100 m butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle
were retrieved from nationals (n = 21) and regionals (n = 44) swimming competitions. One-way analysis
of variance was conducted to test the difference in FINA points between swimmers of different countries.
Significant disparities (100 to 350 FINA points; p<0.001) were observed in national and regional
competitions for male and female swimmers among the different countries analyzed. This could lead to
misleading conclusions when comparing studies with national or regional swimmers from different
countries. In this regard, a new model of performance classification based on national and regional
worldwide competition is proposed. This might be used to standardized the swimming research results.
This study was supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spanish Agency of
Research) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); PGC2018-102116-B-I00 ‘SWIM II:
Specific Water Innovative Measurements: Applied to the performance improvement’ and the Spanish
Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport: FPU17/02761, FPU16/02629, and FPU19/02477 grant. This
article is a part of an international thesis belonging to the Program of PhD in Biomedicine (B11.56.1), from
the University of Granada, Granada (Spain)