Grupo: Aprendizaje, Emoción y Decisión (CTS176)
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/48191
2024-03-28T15:04:33ZMaterial de prácticas para el alumnado: consecuencias de las conductas adictivas
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/84193
Material de prácticas para el alumnado: consecuencias de las conductas adictivas
López Torrecillas, Francisca
La delincuencia supone un fenómeno preocupante a la sociedad, debido a que pone en riesgo la seguridad pública. En España, la Secretaría General de Instituciones Penitenciarias, en su último informe revela que en el año 2021 la población reclusa la conformaba un total de 47.431 personas. El 92,8% eran hombres, cuyos principales delitos cometidos fueron contra los Objetos (34,6%), contra las Personas (36,4%) y de Violencia de Género (10,5%).
El 80 % de la población penitenciaria española presenta problemas de salud mental, principalmente drogodependencia (60% - 70%), trastorno de personalidad (80%) y trastorno mental grave (3% - 4%). Como consecuencia se observa un doble efecto; por un lado, las enfermedades mentales aumentan la probabilidad de cometer un delito y de ingresar en prisión, y, por otro lado, la prisión puede afectar negativamente a la salud mental de los reclusos. Asimismo, los problemas de salud mental de la población penitenciaria incrementen el riesgo de mortalidad y de reincidencia delictiva. La reincidencia delictiva es un aspecto que se asocia con la presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos.
Hasta la fecha los profesionales de la salud no disponen de tratamientos eficaces debido a la falta de especificidad del contenido de los tratamientos y por el desconocimiento de las necesidades intrínsecas de las personas que han cometido conductas agresivas.
Este manual es el resultado de una serie de investigaciones relacionadas con la violencia de género en aras del desarrollo de mejores estrategias de prevención e intervención. Es importante que los profesionales de la salud mental conozcan los pensamientos, sentimientos y conductas de las personas que han sido excluidas o marginadas socialmente por su condición, contribuyendo de esta manera a generar cambios positivos en la justicia social, a través del conocimiento de sus necesidades.
Aprende a evitar conflictos de pareja
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/84192
Aprende a evitar conflictos de pareja
López Torrecillas, Francisca
La aparición de comportamientos repetitivos y desadaptativos como la agresión son comunes y a menudo se producen en la población general, siendo los hombres los que presentan un particular punto de mira. La mayoría de las veces los hombres se ven inmersos en problemas judiciales. Este manual se deriva de una investigación realizada con población penitenciaria con delitos de violencia de género. El objetivo de este manual y de nuestro trabajo futuro es profundizar en esta problemática para dar soluciones adaptadas a los nuevos tiempos.
Se trata de un material educativo donde aprenderás a identificar una serie de pensamientos, sentimientos y conductas que son desadaptativas para posteriormente pasar a su modificación.
Measuring feelings about choices and risks: The Berlin Emotional Responses to Risk Instrument (BERRI)
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/75192
Measuring feelings about choices and risks: The Berlin Emotional Responses to Risk Instrument (BERRI)
Petrova, Dafina; Cokely, Edward T.; Sobkow, Agata; Traczyk, Jakub; Garrido del Águila, Dunia; García Retamero Imedio, María Del Rocío
We introduce a brief instrument specifically validated for measuring positive and negative feelings about risks—the Berlin Emotional Responses to Risk Instrument (BERRI). Based on seven studies involving diverse adults from three countries (n = 2120), the BERRI was found to robustly estimate anticipatory affective reactions derived from subjective evaluations of positive (i.e., assured, hopeful, and relieved) and negative emotions (i.e., anxious, afraid, and worried). The brief BERRI outperformed a 14-item assessment, uniquely tracking costs/benefits associated with cancer screening among men and women (Studies 1 and 2). Predictive validity was further documented in paradigmatic risky choice studies wherein options varied over probabilities and severities across six contexts (health, social, financial, technological, ethical, and environmental; Study 3). Studies 4–6, conducted during the Ebola epidemic and COVID- 19 pandemic, indicated BERRI responses were sensitive to subtle effects caused by emotion-related framing manipulations presented in different cultures and languages (the United States, Spain, and Poland). Study 7 indicated BERRI responses remained stable for 2 weeks. Although the BERRI can provide an estimate of overall affect, choices were generally better explained by the unique influences of positive and negative affect. Overall, results suggest the novel, brief instrument can be an efficient tool for high-stakes research on decision making and risk communication.
Socio-Economic Inequalities in Lung Cancer Outcomes: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/73567
Socio-Economic Inequalities in Lung Cancer Outcomes: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Redondo Sánchez, Daniel; Petrova, Dafina; Rodríguez Barranco, Miguel; Jiménez Moleón, José Juan; Sánchez Pérez, María José
In the past decade, evidence has accumulated about socio-economic inequalities in very
diverse lung cancer outcomes. To better understand the global effects of socio-economic factors in
lung cancer, we conducted an overview of systematic reviews. Four databases were searched for
systematic reviews reporting on the relationship between measures of socio-economic status (SES)
(individual or area-based) and diverse lung cancer outcomes, including epidemiological indicators
and diagnosis- and treatment-related variables. AMSTAR-2 was used to assess the quality of the
selected systematic reviews. Eight systematic reviews based on 220 original studies and 8 different
indicators were identified. Compared to people with a high SES, people with a lower SES appear to
be more likely to develop and die from lung cancer. People with lower SES also have lower cancer
survival, most likely due to the lower likelihood of receiving both traditional and next-generation
treatments, higher rates of comorbidities, and the higher likelihood of being admitted as emergency.
People with a lower SES are generally not diagnosed at later stages, but this may change after broader
implementation of lung cancer screening, as early evidence suggests that there may be socio-economic
inequalities in its use.
High resolution study of social inequalities in cancer (HiReSIC), Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC) (PROYE20023SANC). Cancer Epidemiological Surveillance Subprogram (VICA) of the CIBERESP, Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Dafina Petrova is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship from the Ministry of Science and the National Research Agency of Spain (MCIN/AEI, JC2019-039691-I, http://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, accessed on 4 October 2021).
BRCA1/2 testing for genetic susceptibility to cancer after 25 years: A scoping review and a primer on ethical implications
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/73039
BRCA1/2 testing for genetic susceptibility to cancer after 25 years: A scoping review and a primer on ethical implications
Petrova, Dafina; Cruz, Maite; Sánchez Pérez, María José
Background: Mutations in the genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with significantly elevated
lifetime risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. This year marks 25 years since genetic tests for
BRCA1/2 mutations became available to the public. Currently, comprehensive guidelines exist regarding
BRCA1/2 testing and preventive measures in mutation carriers. As such, BRCA1/2 testing represents a
precedent not only in genetic testing and management of genetic cancer risk, but also in bioethics. The
goal of the current research was to offer a review and an ethical primer of the main ethical challenges
related to BRCA testing.
Method: A systematic scoping review was undertaken following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping
Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Four databases were searched and 18 articles that met the inclusion criteria were
synthetized narratively into a conceptual map.
Results: Ethical discussions revolved around the BRCA1/2 gene discovery, how tests are distributed for
clinical use, the choice to undergo testing, unresolved issues in receiving and disclosing test results,
reproductive decision-making, and culture-specific ethics. Several unique properties of the latest developments
in testing circumstances (e.g., incorporation of BRCA1/2 testing in multi-gene or whole
genome sequence panels and tests sold directly to consumers) significantly raised the complexity of
ethical debates.
Conclusions: Multidisciplinary ethical discussion is necessary to guide not only individual decision
making but also societal practices and medical guidelines in light of the new technologies available and
the latest results regarding psychological, social, and health outcomes in cancer previvors and survivors
affected by BRCA mutations.
Dafina Petrova is supported by a Juan de la Cierva Fellowship from the Ministry of Science and the National Research Agency of Spain (MCIN/AEI, JC2019-039691-I, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033).