DPEFC - Artículos
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/14935
2024-03-29T06:53:25ZDevelopment and Validation of SERR Scale for Detecting Extremism and Religious Radicalism
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/88967
Development and Validation of SERR Scale for Detecting Extremism and Religious Radicalism
Ramos Alvares, Rodolfo; Kapp, Maili; Clinton, Amanda; Fernández-Millán, Juan Manuel; Cabo- Castro, Fernando; Giménez-López, Ana Isabel; Solano-Gálvis, César Augusto; Rodríguez-Ruíz, Mercedes; Lobato, Roberto M
Antecedentes: En línea con la creciente violencia religiosa, política y social en todo el mundo, este estudio evalúa las propiedades psicométricas de una nueva escala para Detectar el Extremismo y el Radicalismo Religioso (SERR), una medida de autoinforme de extremismo y radicalismo religioso. Método: Se recopilaron análisis de factores, datos de validez y fiabilidad utilizando una muestra de 1985 participantes de 58 ciudades diferentes de España que se identificaron como practicantes activos de su religión. Resultados: Los análisis estadísticos de las puntuaciones de SERR arrojaron puntajes de consistencia interna aceptables (ω > .74) y confirmaron factores clave asociados con el radicalismo y el extremismo. La estructura de la escala se confirmó como bidimensional (χ2(64) = 361.22, p < .001, CFI = 0.976, TLI = 0.970, RMSEA (IC del 90%) = 0.089 (0.080 - 0.098), SRMR = 0.064). Las puntuaciones para la dimensión de extremismo se correlacionaron significativamente y de manera positiva con las puntuaciones para el mismo factor en las Escalas de Intención de Activismo y Radicalismo (r = .32, p < .001, n = 139). Conclusiones: La SERR demuestra una fiabilidad y validez adecuadas para evaluar el grado de extremismo y radicalismo en creyentes cristianos/católicos y musulmanes.; Background: In line with the increasing religious, political, and social violence worldwide, this study evaluates the psychometric properties of a new scale for Detecting Extremism and Religious Radicalism (SERR), a self-report measure of extremism and religious radicalism. Method: Factor analyses, validity, and reliability data were collected using a sample of 1985 participants from 58 different cities in Spain who self-identified as actively practicing their religion. Results: Statistical analyses of the SERR scores yielded acceptable internal consistency scores (ω > .74) and confirmed key factors associated with radicalism and extremism. The structure of the scale was confirmed as two-dimensional (χ2(64) = 361.22, p < .001, CFI = 0.976, TLI = 0.970, RMSEA (90% CI) = 0.089 (0.080 - 0.098), SRMR = 0.064). Scores for the extremism dimension correlated significantly and positively with scores for the same factor on the Activism and Radicalism Intention Scales (r = .32, p < .001, n = 139). Conclusions: The SERR demonstrates adequate reliability and validity for assessing the degree of extremism and radicalism in Christian/Catholic and Muslim believers.
Parent knowledge regarding food selection for children with PKU: Results of a survey in the United States
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/88963
Parent knowledge regarding food selection for children with PKU: Results of a survey in the United States
Rodolfo Ramos, Álvarez; Maili, Álvarez; Bélanger Quintana, Amaya; Rodríguez Ruiz, María Mercedes; Solano Galvis, César Augusto; Campos Soto, Antonio; Ahring, Kirsten; Waisbren, Susan E.
The study explores dietary treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU), highlighting the crucial role of parental knowledge in food selection for affected children. This knowledge is key for effective metabolic control, brain development, and promoting healthy dietary habits. The study aimed to assess if this knowledge aligns with medical recommendations and to identify factors affecting it. Conducted as a cross-sectional observational study, it involved a survey (N = 178) across the USA, featuring a validated food selection questionnaire. The findings revealed that about 60% of caregivers had high knowledge in food selection. Those with lower knowledge scores often misidentified permitted foods, while those with higher scores correctly identified restricted foods but sometimes misidentified permitted ones. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of knowledge about both restricted and permitted foods for a balanced PKU diet.; El estudio investiga el tratamiento dietético para la fenilcetonuria (PKU), resaltando el papel crucial del conocimiento parental en la selección de alimentos para los niños afectados. Este conocimiento es clave para un control metabólico efectivo, el desarrollo cerebral y la promoción de hábitos alimenticios saludables. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si este conocimiento se alinea con las recomendaciones médicas y identificar los factores que lo afectan. Realizado como un estudio observacional transversal, involucró una encuesta (N = 178) en EE. UU., con un cuestionario validado sobre selección de alimentos. Los hallazgos revelaron que alrededor del 60% de los cuidadores tenían un alto conocimiento en la selección de alimentos. Aquellos con puntuaciones de conocimiento más bajas a menudo identificaban incorrectamente los alimentos permitidos, mientras que aquellos con puntuaciones más altas identificaban correctamente los alimentos restringidos pero a veces identificaban incorrectamente los permitidos. La conclusión enfatiza la importancia del conocimiento sobre alimentos restringidos y permitidos para una dieta PKU equilibrada.
Are eyes special? Electrophysiological and behavioural evidence for a dissociation between eye-gaze and arrows attentional mechanisms
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/87728
Are eyes special? Electrophysiological and behavioural evidence for a dissociation between eye-gaze and arrows attentional mechanisms
Marotta, Andrea; Lupiáñez Castillo, Juan; Román Caballero, Rafael; Narganes Pineda, Cristina; Martín Arévalo, Elisa
It has been proposed that attention triggered by eye-gaze may represent a unique attentional process, different from that triggered by non-social stimuli such as arrows. To investigate this issue, in the present study we compared the temporal dynamics of the conflict processing triggered by eye-gaze and arrow stimuli. We investigated the electrophysiological activity during a task in which participants were required to identify the direction of laterally presented eye-gaze or arrow targets. Opposite behavioural effects were observed: while arrows produced the typical effect, with faster responses when they were congruent with their position, eye-gaze targets produced a reversed effect with faster responses when they were incongruent. Event-related potentials showed common and dissociable congruency modulation: whereas eye-gaze and arrows showed similar effects on earlier ERP components (P1 and N1), they led to opposite effects in later components such as N2 and P3. This represents the first electrophysiological demonstration of both early shared and later dissociable congruency effects for eye-gaze and arrow stimuli.
Arrows don’t look at you: Qualitatively different attentional mechanisms triggered by gaze and arrows
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/87723
Arrows don’t look at you: Qualitatively different attentional mechanisms triggered by gaze and arrows
Marotta, Andrea; Román Caballero, Rafael; Lupiáñez Castillo, Juan
Eye gaze conveys rich information concerning the states of mind of others, playing a critical role in social interactions, signaling
internal states, and guiding others’ attention. On the basis of its social significance, some researchers have proposed that eye gaze
may represent a unique attentional stimulus. However, contrary to this notion, the majority of the literature has shown indistinguishable
attentional effects when eye gaze and arrows have been used as cues. Taking a different approach, in this study we
aimed at finding qualitative attentional differences between gazes and arrows when they were used as targets instead of as cues.
We used a spatial Stroop task, in which participants were required to identify the direction of eyes or arrows presented to the left
or the right of a fixation point. The results showed that the two types of stimuli led to opposite spatial interference effects, with
arrows producing faster reaction times when the stimulus direction was congruent with the stimulus position (a typical spatial
Stroop effect), and eye gaze producing faster reaction times when it was incongruent (a Breversed^ spatial Stroop effect). This
reversed Stroop is interpreted as an eye-contact effect, therefore revealing the unique nature of eyes as special social-attention
stimuli.
Controlling attention to gaze and arrows in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
https://hdl.handle.net/10481/87722
Controlling attention to gaze and arrows in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Marotta, Andrea; Pasini, Augusto; Menotti, Erica; Pasquini, Alessia; Pitzianti, Maria Bernarda; Casagrande, Maria
The aim of this research was to assess implicit processing of social and non-social distracting cues in children with ADHD. Young people with ADHD and matched controls were asked to classify target words (LEFT/RIGHT) which were accompanied by a distracter eye-gaze or arrow. Typically developing participants showed evidence of interference effects from both eye-gaze and arrow distracters. In contrast, the ADHD group showed evidence of interference effects from arrow but failed to show interference from eye-gaze. This absence of interference effects from eye-gaze observed in the participants with ADHD may reflect an attentional impairment in attending to socially relevant information.