ISSN: 1139-8736
Depósito Legal: B-35783-2001

    I Estructura conceptual segmentada en inglés de agentes antineoplásicos

A. AGENTES ANTINEOPLÁSICOS SIMPLES

[ADR] see doxorubicin
[Adriamycin] see doxorubicin
[Adrucil] see fluorouracil
[Aldesleukin] see interleukin-2
[Alkeran] see melphalan

altretamine; [Hexalen, Hexamethylmelamine]; (HMM, HXM)

IS_A: antimetabolite anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of ovarian cancer (mainly), lung cancer, breast cancer, neck and head cancer and lymphomas.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are uncommon. Anemia is common.
Nausea and vomiting. Usually dose-limiting and associated with anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Tolerance may develop.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia, skin rash, and pruritus are rare.
Miscellaneous effects

  1. Peripheral sensory neuropathies - common. May be ameliorated by pyridoxine.
  2. CNS effects, including agitation, confusion, hallucinations, depression, and Parkinsonianlike symptoms - less common with recommended intermittent schedule than with continuous treatment.
  3. Decreased renal function - occasional.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

amethopterin see methotrexate
(ara-C) see cytarabine
arabinosyl cytosine see cytarabine
(BCNU) see carmustine
(BiCNU) see carmustine
(BLEO) see bleomycin

bleomycin; [Blenoxane]; (BLEO)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of testis, head and neck, penis, cervix, vulva, anus, skin and lung carcinomas; Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS:

Myelosuppression. Significant depression of counts is uncommon. This factor permits bleomycin to be used in full doses with myelosuppressive drugs.
Nausea and vomiting. Occasional and self-limiting.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia, stomatitis, erythema, edema, thickening of nail bed, and hyperpigmentation and desquamation of skin are common.

Pulmonary effects

  1. Acute anaphylactoid or pulmonary-edema-like response-occasional in patients with lymphoma
  2. Dose related pneumonitis with cough, dyspnea, rales, and infiltrates, progressing to pulmonary fibrosis.

Fever. Common. Occasionally severe hyperpyrexia, diaphoresis, dehydration, and hypotension have occurred and resulted in renal failure and death. Antipyretics help control fever.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Lethargy, headache, joint swelling-rare.
  2. IM or SQ injection may cause pain at injection site.

state_of_matter: solid.
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: im/iv/sq

[Blenoxane] see bleomycin
(BU) see busulfan

busulfan; [Myleran]; (BU)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: alkyl sulfonate
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) and bone marrow disorders.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS:

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Rare.
Mucocutaneous effects. Hyperpigmentation occurs occasionally, particularly in skin creases.
Pulmonary effects. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is rare and is an indication to discontinue drug.
Metabolic effects. Ovarian suppression and amenorrhea are common. Adrenal insufficiency syndrome is rare.
Miscellaneous effects. Secondary neoplasia is possible.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

carboplatin; [Paraplatin]; (CBDCA)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: metal salt.
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory.
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of ovarian carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, and other cancers in which cisplatin is active.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS:

Myelosuppression. Anemia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia are common and dose-limiting. Red blood cell transfusions may be required. Thrombocytopenia may be delayed (days 18-28).
Nausea and vomiting. Common; but vomiting (65%) is not as frequent or as severe as with cisplatin and can be controlled with combination antiemetic regimens.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia is uncommon. Mucositis is rare.
Renal tubular abnormalities. Elevation in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen occurs occasionally. More common is electrolyte loss with decreases in serum sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Abnormal liver function tests-common.
  2. Gastrointestinal pain-occasional.
  3. Peripheral neuropathies or central neurotoxicity-uncommon.
  4. Allergic reactions-uncommonly seen with rash, urticaria, pruritus, and rarely bronchospasm and hypotension.
  5. Cardiovascular (cardiac failure, embolism, cerebrovascular accidents)-uncommon.
  6. Hemolytic uremic syndrome-rare.

state_of_matter: solid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

[Carmubris] see carmustine

carmustine; [Carmubris]; (BCNU, BiCNU)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug. Nitrosurea
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, brain tumors, multiple myeloma and melanoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Delayed and often biphasic.
Nausea and vomiting. They begin 2 hours after therapy and last 4-6 hours - common.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Facial flushing and a burning sensation at the iv site may be due to alcohol used to reconstitute the drug -common with rapid injection.
  2. Hyperpigmentation of skin following accidental contact -common.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Hepatotoxicity - uncommon but can be severe.
  2. Pulmonary fibrosis - uncommon at low doses, but frequently increases at higher doses, over 1000 mg/m2.
  3. Secondary neoplasia - possible.
  4. Renal toxicity is uncommon at doses less than 1000 mg/m2.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(CBDCA) see carboplatin
(CCNU) see lomustine
(CDDP) see cisplatin
[CeCeNu] see lomustine
(CeeNU) see lomustine
[Cerubidine] see daunorubicin

chlorambucil; [Leukeran]

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of favorable histologic type.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting and may be prolonged.
Nausea and vomiting. May be seen with higher doses but are uncommon.
Mucocutaneous effects. Rash - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Liver function abnormalities - rare.
  2. Secondary neoplasia - possible.
  3. Amenorrhea and azoospermia - common.
  4. Drug fever - uncommon.
  5. Pulmonary fibrosis - rare.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

cisplatin; [Platinol]; (DDP, CDDP)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: metal salt
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of testis, ovary, endometrial, cervical, bladder, head and neck, gastrointestinal and lung carcinomas; soft-tissue sarcomas.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Mild to moderate, depending on the dose. Relative lack of myelosuppression allows cisplatin to be used in full doses with more myelosuppressive drugs. Anemia is common and may have a hemolytic component.
Nausea and vomiting. Severe and often intractable vomiting regularly begins within 1 hour of starting cisplatin and lasts 8-12 hours. Prolonged nausea and vomiting occur occasionally. Higher than usual doses of antiemetics may partially ameliorate these symptoms. Nausea and vomiting may be minimized by the use of a combination antiemetic regime.
Mucocutaneous effects. None.
Renal tubular damage and electrolyte abnormalities. Irreversible nephrotoxicity may occur, particularly if adequate attention is not given to achieving sufficient hydration and diuresis.
Ototoxicity. High-tone hearing loss is common, but significant hearing loss in vocal frequencies occurs only occasionally. Tinnitus is common.
Severe electrolyte abnormalities. These abnormalities, e.g. marked hyponatremia, hypomagnesium, hypocalcemia and hypokalemia, may be seen up to several days after treatment.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Peripheral neuropathies-clinically significant signs and symptoms are common at cumulative doses.
    2. >
  2. Hyperuricemia-uncommon, parallels renal failure.
  3. Autonomic dysfunction with hypotension.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

[Cosmegen] see dactinomycin
(CTX) see cyclophosphamide

cyclophosphamide; [Cytoxan, Endoxan, Neosar]; (CTX)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: nitrogen mustard
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of cancer of the breast, ovary, lung, testis, bladder and endometrium and lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma and mycosis fungoides.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Frequent with large iv doses; less common after oral doses. Symptoms begin several hours after treatment and are usually over by the next day.
Mucocutaneous effects. Reversible alopecia is common, usually starting after 2-3 weeks. Skin and nails may become darker. Mucositis is uncommon.
Bladder damage. Hemorrhagic or nonhemorrhagic cystitis may occur in 5-10% of patients treated. It is usually reversible on discontinuation of the drug, but it may persist and lead to fibrosis or death.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Immunosupression -common.
  2. Amenorrhea and azoospermia - common.
  3. Inhibition of antidiuretic hormone - only of significance with very large doses.
    4. <
  4. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis - rare.
  5. Secondary neoplasia -possible.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral/ iv

cytarabine, arabinosyl cytosine; [Cytosine arabinoside, Cytosar-U]; (ara-C)

IS_A: antimetabolite anticancer drug. Pyramidine analog
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Standard dose only
Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting leukopenia and thrombocytopenia occur, with nadir at 7-10 days after treatment has ended and with recovery during the following 2 weeks, depending on the degree of suppression. Megaloblastosis is common.
Nausea and vomiting. Common particularly if the drug is given as a push or rapid infusion.
Mucocutaneous effects. Stomatitis is seen occasionally.
Miscellaneous effects
Flu-like syndrome with fever, arthralgia and sometimes a rash- occasional.
Transient mild hepatic dysfunction - occasional.
High dose
Myelosuppression. Universal.
Nausea and vomiting. Common
Mucocutaneous effects. Occasional to common mucositis.
Neurotoxicity. Cerebellar toxicity is common, particularly in the elderly, but is usually mild and reversible. However, on occasion it has been severe and permanent or fatal.
Conjunctivitis. Possible.
Hepatic toxicity with cholestatic jaundice. Possible.
Diarrhea. Common.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: sq/ iv

[Cytosar-U] see cytarabine
[Cytoxan] see cyclophosphamide

dacarbazine, imidazole carboxamide; [DTIC-Dome]; (DIC, DTIC)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: triazine
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of melanoma, soft-tissue sarcoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Mild to moderate. This factor allows dacarbazine to be used in full doses with other myelosuppressive drugs.
Nausea and vomiting. Common and severe but decrease in intensity with each subsequent daily dose.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Moderately severe tissue damage if extravasation occurs.
  2. Alopecia - uncommon.
  3. Erythematous or urticarial rash - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects. Flulike syndrome with fever, myalgia, and malaise lasting several days is uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(DACT) see dactinomycin

dactinomycin; [Cosmegen]; (DACT)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasma, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma of childhood.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. May be dose-limiting and severe. It begins within the first week of treatment, but the nadir may not be reached for 21 days.
Nausea and vomiting. Severe vomiting often occurs during the first few hours after drug administration and lasts up to 24 hours.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Erythema, hyperpigmentation, and desquamation of the skin potentiation by previous or concurrent radiotherapy are common.
  2. Oropharyngeal mucositis is potentiated by previous or concurrent radiotherapy.
  3. Alopecia is common.
  4. Moderately severe tissue damage occurs with extravassation.

Miscellaneous effects. Mental depression is rare.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

daunomycin see daunorubicin

daunorubicin, daunomycin; [Cerubidine; Rubidomycin]; (DNR)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (ANLL) and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL).

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting pancytopenia with nadir at 1-2 weeks.
Nausea and vomiting. Occurs on the day of administration in on-half of patients.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia is common, but stomatitis is rare. Severe local tissue damage may progress to skin ulceration, and necrosis may occur with subcutaneous extravasation.
Cardiac effects. Potentially irreversible congestive heart failure may occur owing to cardiomyopathy. The incidence is highly dependent of the lifetime cumulative dose, which should not exceed 550 mg/m2. Congestive heart failure may be predicted. Discontinue drug if there is clinical congestive heart failure or if the ejection fraction falls on the radionuclide angiogram. Transient electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are common and are not usually serious.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Red urine caused by drug and its metabolites-common.
  2. Chemical phlebitis and phlebosclerosis of veins used for injection -common.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(DDD) see mitotane
(DDP) see cisplatin
[Decadron] see dexamethasone
[Depo-Provera] see medroxyprogesterone

dexamethasone; [Decadron, Hexadrol]; (DM)

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: corticosteroid
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of leukemias, lymphomas and brain cancer.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. None.
Nausea and vomiting. Rare.
Mucocutaneous effects. Mild alopecia or skin rash - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Mild fluid retention - occasional.
  2. Mild liver function abnormalities - occasional.
  3. Menstrual irregularities - common.
  4. Improved appetite, weight gain - common.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

(DHAD) see mitoxantrone
(DIC) see dacarbazine
(DM) see dexamethasone
(DNR) see daunorubicin
(DOX) see doxorubicin

doxorubicin; [Adriamycin]; (ADR, DOX)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast, bladder, liver, lung, prostate, stomach and thyroid carcinomas; bone and soft tissue sarcomas; Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (ANL); Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma of childhood.
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting for most patients. Nadir white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts occur at 10-14 days; recovery by day 21.
Nausea and vomiting. Mild to moderate in about one-half of patients.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Stomatitis that is dose-dependent.
  2. Alopecia beginning 2-5 weeks from start of therapy with recovery following completion of therapy -common.
  3. Recall of skin reaction due to prior radiotherapy-common.
  4. Severe local tissue damage possibly progressing to skin ulceration and necrosis if subcutaneous extravasation occurs-common.
  5. Hyperpigmentation of skin overlying veins used for drug injection in which chemical phlebitis has occurred-common.

Cardiac effects. Potentially irreversible congestive heart failure may occur owing to cardiomyopathy. The incidence is highly dependent of the lifetime cumulative dose, which should not exceed 550 mg/m2. This limit is lower if patient has received prior chest radiotherapy or is taking cyclophosphamide concomitantly. Congestive heart failure may be predicted by serial measurement of left ventricular function of endomyocardial biopsy. The drug may be administered discontinuously.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Red urine caused by drug and its metabolites-common.
  2. Chemical phlebitis and phlebosclerosis of veins used for injection, particularly if a vein is used repeatedly-common.
  3. Fever, chills, and urticaria-uncommon.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(DTIC) see dacarbazine
[DTIC-Dome] see dacarbazine
[Eldisine] see vindesine
[Emcyt] see estramustine
[Endoxan] see cyclophosphamide
(EPI) see epirubicin

epirubicin; (EPI)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory.
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast, ovarian, stomach, colon/rectal, pancreatic, and head and neck cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting leukopenia with recovery by day 21.
Nausea and vomiting. Common.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Stomatitis that is dose-dependent.
  2. Alopecia beginning approximately 10 days after the first treatment with regrowth when cessation of drug treatment occurs - common.
  3. Severe local tissue damage possibly progressing to skin ulceration and necrosis if subcutaneous extravasation occurs - common.

Cardiac effects.

  1. Potentially irreversible congestive heart failure may occur owing to cardiomyopathy. The incidence is highly dependent of the lifetime dose, which should not exceed 1000 mg/m2. This limit is lower if patient has recieved prior chest radiotherapy or prior anthracycline therapy. Congestive heart failure may be predicted.
  2. Transient electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are similar in type and frequency to those observed after doxorubicin.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Red - orange urine for 24 hours after injection owing to drugs and their metabolites-common.
  2. Diarrhea - uncommon.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

estramustine; [Emcyt]

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: nitrogen mustard
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of metastatic prostate carcinoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Occurs only occasionally.
Nausea and vomiting. Commonly seen soon after starting treatment but usually lessen with continued therapy and antiemetics. If persistent and severe, it may be necessary to discontinue the drug.
Mucocutaneous effects. Rash with fever is rare.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Congestive heart failure - must be watched for in patients with preexisting cardiac disease.
  2. Gynecomastia - occasional.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

etoposide; [VePesid]; (VP-16)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of small- cell anaplastic and non-small-cell lung carcinoma, germ cancers and lymphomas (refractory).

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting leukopenia and less severe thrombocytopenia have a nadir at 16 days with recovery by days 20-22.
Nausea and vomiting. Usually mild to moderate problems in about one third of patients. Anorexia is common.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Alopecia-common.
  2. Stomatitis-uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Hepatotoxicity-rare.
  2. Diarrhea-uncommon.
  3. Peripheral neurotoxicity-rare.
  4. Allergic reaction-rare.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

[Eulexin] see flutamide

floxuridine; (FUDR)

IS_A: antimetabolite anticancer drug: pyrimidine analog
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of head and neck cancer, hepatic metastasis of gastrointestinal carcinoma, primary hepatic carcinoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Uncommon.
Nausea and vomiting. Uncommon unless the hepatic artery catheter has become displaced and the stomach and duodenum are being infused.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Stomatitis is an early sign of sever toxicity. It progresses from soreness and erythema to frank ulceration, which becomes hemorrhagic in a small number of patients. Esophagitis, proctities, and diarrhea may also occur.
  2. Partial alopecia - uncommon.
  3. Hyperpigmentation of skin over face, hands, and the veins used for infusion - occasional.
  4. Maculopapular rash - uncommon.
  5. Sun exposure tends to increase skin reactions.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Neurotoxicity, including headache, minor visual disturbances, and cerebellar ataxia - rare.
  2. Increased lacrimation - uncommon.
  3. Abdominal cramps and pain are uncommon if the catheter is displaced and the stomach and duodenum are being infused. Can progress to frank gastritis or duodenal ulcer.
  4. Liver function abnormalities and jaundice - common when given by hepatic arterial infusion. Dose should be reduced during subsequent cycle.
  5. Sclerosing cholangitis when given by hepatic artery infusion - uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: ia

(FLUT) see flutamide

flutamide; [Eulexin]; (FLUT)

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: androgen
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of carcinoma of the prostate.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Rare but occasional WBC fluctuation. Aplastic anemia - 6%.
Nausea and vomiting. Occasional.
Mucocutaneous effects. Rash - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Gastrointestinal: occasional diarrhea (rarely severe), flatulence, or mild abdominal pains.
  2. Occasional mild elevation of liver enzymes.
  3. Mild breast tenderness and gynecomastia is common in patients who have not had gonadal ablation.
  4. Impotence and loss of libido - common.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

5-fluorouracil; [Adrucil]; (5-FU)

IS_A: antimetabolite anticancer drug: pyrimidine analog
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast, colorectal, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, liver, head and neck, and bladder carcinomas; basal and squamous cell carcinomas of skin (topically).

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting with a nadir at 10-14 days after the last dose and recovery by 21 days.
Nausea and vomiting. May occur but are not usually severe.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Stomatitis is an early sign of sever toxicity. It progresses from soreness and erythema to frank ulceration, which becomes hemorrhagic in a small number of patients. Esophagitis, proctities, and diarrhea may also occur.
  2. Partial alopecia-uncommon.
  3. Hyperpigmentation of skin over face, hands, and the veins used for infusion-occasional.
  4. Maculopapular rash-uncommon.
  5. Sun exposure tends to increase skin reactions.
  6. "Hand-foot syndrome" with painful, erythematous desquamation and fissures of palms and soles - common with continuous infusion, occasional with other schedules or combinations.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Neurotoxicity, including headache, minor visual disturbances, and cerebellar ataxia-rare.
  2. Increased lacrimation-uncommon.
  3. Cardiac arrythmias-rare.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/ia

[Folex] see methotrexate
(5-FU) see 5-fluorouracil
(FUDR) see floxuridine
[Hexadrol] see dexamethasone
[Hexalen] see altretamine
[Hexamethylmelamine] see altretamine
(HMM) see altretamine
(HN2) see mechloretamine
[Holoxan] see ifosfamide
(HXM) see altretamine
[Hydrea] see hydroxyurea

hydroxyurea; [Hydrea]; (HU)

IS_A: antimetabolite anticancer drug: purine analog
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of head and neck cancer, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (ANL).

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS:

Myelosuppression. Occurs at doses of more than 1600 mg/m2 daily by day 10. Recovery is usually prompt.
Nausea and vomiting. Common at high doses.
Mucocutaneous effects. Stomatitis is rare. Maculopapular rash may be seen. Inflammation of mucous membranes caused by radiation may be exaggerated.

Miscellaneous effects.

  1. Temporary renal function impairment - uncommon.
  2. CNS disturbances - rare.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

(HU) see hydroxyurea
(IDA) see idarubicin
[Idamycin] see idarubicin

idarubicin; [Idamycin]; (IDA)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia (ANLL) and Acute Limphocytic Leukemia (ALL).

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Universal and dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Common.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia -common; mucositis - uncommon.
Hepatic dysfunction. Common but usually no severe and no clearly due to the idarubicin.
Renal effects. Common but usually not clinically significant.
Other gastrointestinal effects. Diarrhea - occasional to common; bleeding - common.
Cardiac effects. Uncommon during induction and consolidation.
Tissue damage. If infiltration occurs - probable.
Neurologic effects. Occasional.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

[Ifex] see ifosfamide
(IFF) see ifosfamide

ifosfamide, isophosphamide; [Holoxan, Ifex]; (IFF)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: nitrogen mustard
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF poli and monochemotherapy treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, sarcoma, melanoma, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), and cancers of the ovaries, pancreas, testes and lung.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Common without standard antiemetics.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia is common. Mucositis is rarely seen at standard doses. Dermatitis is rare.
Hemorrhagic cystitis. Common and dose-limiting unless a uroprotective agent such as mesna is used.

Miscellaneous effects.

  1. CNS toxicity.
  2. Infertility.
  3. Renal impairment. Occasional
  4. Liver dysfunction. Uncommon
  5. Phlebitis. Uncommon.
  6. Fever. Rare.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(IL-2) see interleukin-2
imidazole carboxamide see dacarbazine

interleukin-2; [Proleukin, Aldesleukin]; (IL-2)

IS_A: biological response modifier
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF biological chemotherapy treatment of renal cell carcinoma and melanoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS (all are dose-dependent)

Myelosuppression. Uncommon, although anemia requiring transfusion is common.
Nausea and vomiting. Common.
Mucocutaneous effects. Mucositis is occasional to common. Alopecia is uncommon. Pruritic erythematous rash is common.

Cardiovascular effects

  1. Arrhythmias are common and dose-related.
  2. Hypotension is dose-related but is occasionally seen at the lower dose schedules.
  3. Myocardial injury is seen primarily at the higher dose schedules.
  4. Pulmonary edema from capillary leak syndrome is common with intensive dose regimens.
  5. Weigh gain is common from edema, particularly in more intensive dose regimens.

Gastrointestinal effects

  1. Anorexia- common.
  2. Diarrhea - occasional.
  3. Transient liver function abnormalities and hypoalbuminemia - common.
  4. Colonic perforations -rare.

Neuropsychiatric effects

  1. Mental status changes- common, with dose-related severity.
  2. Dizziness or lightheadedness - common
  3. Blurry vision and other visual disturbances - occasional.
  4. Seizures - uncommon to rare at lower-dose regimens.

Renal function impairment. Common but reversible.
Fever. With or without chills - universal and may be severe.
Bacterial infection. Occasional. Probably related to chemotactic defect induced in granulocytes.
Myalgias and arthralgias. Occasional to common.
Malaise and fatigue. Common and dose-related.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: sq/iv

isophosphamide see ifosfamide
[Leukeran] see chlorambucil
[Leukerin] see mercaptopurine
(LEUP) see leuprolide

leuprolide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; [Lupron]; (LHRH, LEUP)

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: hypothalamic hormone analog
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of prostate carcinoma and breast carcinoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Rare, if at all.
Nausea and vomiting. Occasional.
Mucocutaneous effects. Erythema and ecchymosis at the injection site, rash, hair loss, itching - uncommon.
Cardiovascular effects. Congestive heart failure and thrombotic episodes - uncommon. Peripheral edema - occasional.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. CNS: dizziness, pain, headache, and paresthesias - uncommon.
  2. Endocrine: hot flashes - common; decreased libido - common; gynecomastia with or without tenderness - uncommon; impotence - uncommon.
  3. Bone pain - uncommon.
  4. Gastrointestinal: anorexia and constipation - uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: sq/mi

(LHRH) see leuprolide

lomustine; [CeCeNu]; (CCNU, CeeNU)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug. Nitrosurea
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of lung and kidney carcinomas, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and brain tumors.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Universal and dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Begin 3-6 hours after therapy and last up to 24 hours.
Mucocutaneous effects. Stomatitis and alopecia are rare.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Confusion, lethargy and ataxia-rare.
  2. Mild hepatotoxicity-infrequent.
  3. Secondary neoplasia-possible.
  4. Pulmonary fibrosis-uncommon at doses of less than 1000 mg/m2.
  5. Renal toxicity -uncommon at doses of less than 1000 mg/m2.

state_of_matter: liquid.
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

(L-PAM) see melphalan
[Lupron] see leuprolide
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone see leuprolide
[Lysodren] see mitotane

m- AMSA

IS_A: drug named amsacrine
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of pediatric and adult acute leukemia.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS:

Myelosuppression. Universal and dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Common.
Mucocutaneous effects. Mucositis is common and dose-related; occasional skin rash.
Liver. Common transient liver function abnormalities.
Renal effects. Rare.
Diarrhea. Occasional.
Cardiac effects. Possible. May be affected by prior anthracyclines, e.g. daunorubicin or doxorubicin.
Neurologic effects. Seizures, neuropathy, headache, dizziness, central nervous system (CNS) depression - uncommon.
Phlebitis and local pain. Common.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

[Matulane] see procarzabine

mechloretamine, nitrogen mustard; [Mustargen]; (HN2)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, malignant pleural and, less commonly peritoneal or pericardial effusions.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting, with the nadir at about 1 week and recovery by 3 weeks.
Nausea and vomiting. Universal. They usually begin within the first 3 hours and last 4-8 hoursMucocutaneous effects. Severe painful inflammation and necrosis are likely if extravasation occurs. Maculopapular rash is uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Phlebitis, thrombosis, or both of the vein used for the injection - common.
  2. Amenorrhea and azoospermia - common.
  3. Hyperuricemia with rapid tumor destruction.
  4. Weakness, sleepiness, and headache - uncommon.
  5. Severe allergic reactions, including anaphulaxis - rare.
  6. Secondary neoplasms - possible.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

[Medrol] see methylprednisolone

methylprednisolone; [Medrol]

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: corticosteroid
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of carcinoma of the breast, Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, multiple myeloma and cerebral edema.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS:

Myelosuppression. None.
Nausea and vomiting. Rare.
Mucocutaneous effects. Mild alopecia or skin rash - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Mild fluid retention - occasional.
  2. Mild liver function abnormalities - occasional.
  3. Menstrual irregularities - common.

Improved appetite, weight gain - common.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

medroxyprogesterone; [Provera, Depo-Provera]

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: progesterone
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast, kidney and endometrial cancers.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. None.Nausea and vomiting. Rare.
Mucocutaneous effects. Mild alopecia or skin rash - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Mild fluid retention - occasional.
  2. Mild liver function abnormalities - occasional.
  3. Menstrual irregularities - common.
  4. Improved appetite, weight gain - common.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral/iv

(MEG) see megestrol
[Megace] see megestrol

megestrol; [Megace, Pallace]; (MEG)

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: form of progesterone
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast, kidney and uterous cancers.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. None.
Nausea and vomiting. Rare.
Mucocutaneous effects. Mild alopecia or skin rash - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Mild fluid retention - occasional.
  2. Mild liver function abnormalities - occasional.
  3. Menstrual irregularities - common.
  4. Improved appetite, weight gain - common.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: im/oral

melphalan; [Alkeran]; (L-PAM)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of multiple myeloma and breast and ovarian carcinomas.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting; nadir at days 14-21.
Nausea and vomiting. Uncommon.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia, dermatitis, and stomatitis - uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Acute nonlymphocityc leukemia -rare but well documented.
  2. Pulmonary fibrosis - rare.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

mercaptopurine, 6-mercaptopurine; [Leukerin, Purinethol]; (MP, 6-MP)

IS_A: antimetabolite anticancer drug. Purine analog.
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF treatment of acute leukemia (ALL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Common but mild at recommended doses.
Nausea and vomiting. Uncommon.
Mucocutaneous effects. Stomatitis may be seen with very large doses. Dry, scaling rash is uncommon.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Intrahepatic cholestasis and mild focal centrolobular necrosis with jaundice -uncommon.
  2. Diarrhea - rare.
  3. Hyperuricemia with rapid leukemia cell lysis -common.
  4. Fever - uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral/iv

methotrexate, amethopterin; [Folex, Mexate]; (MTX)

IS_A: antimetabolite anticancer drug. Folic acid analog.
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory.
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF treatment of cancers of the breast, cervix, head and neck, colon, lung, and testes and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), osteosarcoma, lymphoma and mycosis fungoides.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Occurs regularly, with nadir at 6-10 days after a single iv dose. Recovery is rapid.
Nausea and vomiting. Occasional at standard doses.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Mild stomatitis is common and is a sign that a maximum tolerated dose has been reached. Higher doses may result in confluent or hemorrhagic stomal ulcers and bloody diarrhea.
  2. Erythematous rashes, urticaria, and skin pigment changes are common.
  3. Mild alopecia is frequent.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Acute hepatocellular injury - uncommon at standard doses.
  2. Hepatic fibrosis -uncommon but seen at low chronic doses.
  3. Pneumonitis - rare.
  4. Polyserositis - rare.
  5. Renal tubular necrosis -rare at standard doses.
  6. Convulsions - uncommon.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/im/oral/it

[Mexate] see methotrexate
(MITO) see mitomycin

mitomycin, mitomycin-C; [Mutamycin]; (MITO)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory.
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast, stomach, pancreas, cervix, colon and bladder carcinomas.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Serious, cumulative and dose-limiting. Nadir is reached usually by 4 weeks but may be delayed. Recovery is often prolonged over many weeks, and occasionally cytopenia never disappears.
Nausea and vomiting. Common at higher doses, but severity is usually mild to moderate.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Stomatitis and alopecia - common.
  2. Cellulitis at injection site if extravasation occurs - common.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Renal toxicity - uncommon.
  2. Pulmonary toxicity -uncommon but may be severe.
  3. Fever - uncommon.
  4. Secondary neoplasia - possible.
  5. Hemolytic uremic syndrome.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

mitotane; [Lysodren]; (DDD)

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. None
Nausea and vomiting. Common and may be dose-limiting.
Mucocutaneous effects. Skin rash occurs occasionally.
CNS effects. Lethargy, sedation, vertigo, or dizziness in up to 40% of patients; may be dose-limiting.
Miscellaneous effects. Albuminuria, hemorrhagic cystitis, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and visual disturbances - uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

mitoxantrone; [Novantrone]; (DHAD)

IS_A: antibiotic anticancer drug
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL); carcinoma of the breast or ovary; non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Universal
Nausea and vomiting. Common but less frequent and less severe than with doxorubicin.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia is common, but its frequency and severity is less than with doxorubicin. Mucositis-occasional.
Cardiac toxicity. Probably less than with doxorubicin; there is no clear maximum dose, though the risk appears to increase at 125 mg/m2 cumulative dose.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Local-erythema and swelling with transient blue discoloration if extravasated, but rarely leads to severe skin damage.
  2. Diarrhea-uncommon.
  3. Green or blue discoloration of urine.
  4. Phlebitis-uncommon.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(MP, 6-MP) see mercaptopurine
(MTX) see methotrexate
[Mustargen] see mechloretamine
[Mutamycin] see mitomycin
[Myleran] see busulfan
[Neosar] see cyclophosphamide
nitrogen mustard see mechloretamine
[Novaldex] see tamoxifen
[Novantrone] see mitoxantrone
[Oncovin] see vincristine
[Paraplatin] see carboplatin
(PCB) see procarzabine
[Platinol] see cisplatin

prednisone; [Deltasone, Meticorten, Orasone]; (PRED)

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: corticosteroid
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of carcinoma of the breast, Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, multiple myeloma and cerebral edema.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. None
Nausea and vomiting. Common and may be dose-limiting.
Mucocutaneous effects. Skin rash occurs occasionally.
CNS effects. Lethargy, sedation, vertigo, or dizziness in up to 40% of patients; may be dose-limiting.
Miscellaneous effects. Albuminuria, hemorrhagic cystitis, hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, and visual disturbances - uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

procarbazine; [Matulane]; (PCB)

IS_A: unclassifiable anticancer agent
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of lung and brain cancer, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Pancytopenia is dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Frequent during first days until tolerance develops.

Mucocutaneous effects.

  1. Stomatitis and diarrhea - uncommon.
  2. Alopecia, pruritus, and drug rash - uncommon.

CNS effects. Paresthesias, neuropathies, headache, dizziness, depression, apprehension, nervousness, insomnia, nightmares, hallucinations, ataxia, confusion, convulsions, and coma have been reported with varying frequency.

Miscellaneous effects.

  1. Secondary neoplasia - possible.
  2. Visual disturbances - rare.
  3. Postural hypotension - rare.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

[Proleukin] see interleukin-2
[Provera] see medroxyprogesterone
[Purinethol] see mercaptopurine
[Rubidomycin] see daunorubicin
(TAM) see tamoxifen

tamoxifen; [Novaldex]; (TAM)

IS_A: hormonal anticancer agent: estrogen antagonist
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast and endometrial carcinomas.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Uncommon and mild.
Nausea and vomiting. Occur early in the course of therapy in up to 20% of patients, but they abate rapidly as therapy is continued.
Mucocutaneous effects. Skin rash and pruritus vulvae are uncommon. May cause marked decrease in vaginal secretions and result in difficult or painful intercourse.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Hot flashes - common.
  2. Vaginal bleeding and menstrual irregularity - uncommon
  3. Lassitude, headache, leg cramps, and dizziness - uncommon.
  4. Peripheral edema - occasional.
  5. Increased bone pain, tumor pain, and local disease flare (associated both with good tumor response as well as with tumor progression) - occasional.
  6. Diarrhea - occasional.
  7. Slowed progression of osteoporosis.
  8. Reduction in serum cholesterol with favorable changes in lipid profile.
  9. Cataracts and other eye toxicity - rare.
  10. Thromboemlolic phenomena - rare.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: oral

teniposide; [Vumon]; (VM-26)

IS_A: phytogenic agent: podophyllotoxin derivative
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (refractory) in combination with cytarabine, lymphomas, neuroblastomas and brain tumors.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Common and dose-limiting.
Nausea and vomiting. Occasional.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia is common.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Elevated liver enzymes -occasional.
  2. Hypersensitivity reactions with urticaria and flushing- occasional. Anaphylaxis - uncommon.
  3. Hypotension is related to drug infusion rate but should be seen only occasionally at the recommended dose schedules.
  4. Secondary leukemias - uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

thiotepa, triethylene thiophosphoramide; [Thiotepa]; (TSPA)

IS_A: alkylating anticancer drug: ethylenimine derivative
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of superficial papillary carcinoma of urinary bladder; malignant peritoneal, pleural or pericardial effusions; carcinoma of breast and ovary; neoplastic meningeal infiltrates.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-limiting. Pancytopenia and sepsis may follow intravesical or intracavitary administration. Nadir counts are reached in 1-2 weeks; recovery by 4 weeks is usual.
Nausea and vomiting. Uncommon.
Mucocutaneous effects. Uncommon. Thotepa is not a vesicant.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Local pain, dizziness, headache, fever - uncommon.
  2. Secondary neoplasms - possible.
  3. Amenorrhea and azoospermia - common.

state_of_matter: liquid

TOXICITY: 4

WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(TSPA) see thioTEPA
(VDS) see vindesine
[Velban] see vinblastine
[VePesid] see etoposide

vinblastine; [Velban]; (VLB)

IS_A: phytogenic agent: Vinca alkaloid
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of testicular, gestational trophoblastic, kidney and breast carcinoma; Hodgkin 's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Dose-related leukopenia occurs with a nadir at 4-10 days and recovery in 7-10 days. Severe thrombocytopenia is uncommon.
Nausea and vomiting. Common but not usually severe.

Mucocutaneous effects

  1. Extravasation may lead to severe inflammation, pain and tissue damage.
  2. Mild alopecia is common.
  3. Stomatitis is occasionally severe.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Neurotoxicity manifested by (1) constipation, adynamic ileus, and abdominal pain if very high doses are used; or (2) paresthesias, peripheral neuropathy, and jaw pain with lower doses. Neurotoxicity is less frequent with vinblastine than with vincristine.
  2. Transient hepatitis is uncommon.
  3. Depression, headache, convulsions, and orthostatic hypotension are rare.

state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

vincristine; [Oncovin]; (VCR)

IS_A: phytogenic agent: Vinca alkaloid
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of breast carcinoma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma of childhood; multiple myeloma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Mild and rarely of clinical significance.
Nausea and vomiting. Not seen unless paralytic ileus occurs.
Mucocutaneous effects. Severe local inflammation if extravasation occurs. Alopecia is common.
Neurotoxicity. Dose-dependent and dose-limiting. Mild paresthesias and decreased deep tendon reflexes are to be expected. More extensive peripheral neuropathies, severe constipation, or ileus are indications to reduce or hold therapy.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Uric acid nephropathy due to rapid tumor cell lysis and release of uric acid is always a potential problem when therapy is first given.
  2. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is rare.
  3. Jaw pain is uncommon.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

videsine; [Eldisine]; (VDS)

IS_A: phytogenic agent: Vinca alkaloid
product_type_of: Pharmaceutical laboratory
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of colorectal, lung, breast, and esophageal carcinomas, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) and the blast crisis of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), malignant glioma and melanoma.

HAS_SIDE_EFFECTS

Myelosuppression. Leukopenia is common but not usually severe.
Nausea and vomiting. Occasional.
Mucocutaneous effects. Alopecia is common.
Neurotoxicity. Dose-dependent and cumulative, consisting in constipation, paralytic ileus, paresthesia, myalgias, and weakness. Severity is intermediate between vincristine and vinblastine.

Miscellaneous effects

  1. Chills and fever - occasional.
  2. Phlebitis - occasional.
  3. Confusion and lethargy - rare.

state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

(VLB) see vinblastine
(VM-26) see teniposide
(VP-16) see etoposide
[Vumon] see teniposide

B. AGENTES ANTINEOPLÁSICOS COMPUESTOS

AA

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cytarabine (ara-C) and doxorubicin (DOX)
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of ANLL.
state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

ACE (CAE; CDE)

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cyclophosphamide (CTX), etoposide (VP-16) and doxorubicin (DOX).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of SCLC.
state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

ACOPP

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: doxorubicin (DOX), cyclophosphamide (CTX), vincristine (VCR), procarbazine (PCB) and prednisone (PRED).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
state_of_matter: solid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

ADOC

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (DDP), vincristine (VCR) and cyclophosphamide (CTX)
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of thymoma.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv

CABO

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cisplatin (DDP), methotrexate (MTX), bleomycin (BLEO) and vincristine (VCR).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of head and neck tumors.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

CAE see ACE

CAP

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cyclophosphamide (CTX), doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of SCLC and head and neck tumors.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

CDE see ACE

CHAD (CHAP)

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cyclophosphamide (CTX), hexamethylmelamine (HMM), doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of ovarian cancer.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

CHAP see CHAD

CISCA

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cyclophosphamide (CTX), doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of carcinomas of the urinary bladder.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

CMF

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cyclophosphamide (CTX), methotrexate (MTX) and 5-flourouracil (5-FU).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

CMV

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cisplatin (DDP), vinblastine (VLB) and methotrexate (MTX).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of carcinomas of the urinary bladder.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

FAC

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: 5-fluoruoracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (DOX) and cyclophosphamide (CTX).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

FAM

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (DOX) and mitomycin (MITO)
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

IMF

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: ifosfamide (IFF), methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of breast cancer.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

IMVP-16

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: ifosfamide (IFF), methotrexate (MTX) and etoposide (VP-16).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

JE

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: carboplatin (CBDCA) and etoposide (VP-16).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of SCLC.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

M-2

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: vincristine (VCR), carmustine (BCNU), cyclophosphamide (CTX), melphalan (L-PAM) and prednisone (PRED).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of myeloma
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

MACC

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: methotrexate (MTX), doxorubicin (DOX), cyclophosphamide (CTX) and lomustine (CCNU).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

MAP

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: mitomycin (MITO), doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP)
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of head and neck cancers.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

m-BACOD

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: bleomycin (BLEO), doxorubicin (DOX), cyclophosphamide, vincristine (VCR), dexamethasone (DM) and methotrexate (MTX) with leucovorin (CF) rescue
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

m-BACOS

IS_A: combination anticancer drug.
MADE_OF: bleomycin (BLEO), doxorubicin (DOX), cyclophosphamide (CTX), vincristine (VCR) and methotrexate (MTX) with leucovorin (CF) rescue.
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

MBC

IS_A: combination anticancer dru
MADE_OF: methotrexate (MTX), bleomycin (BLEO) and cisplatin (DDP)
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of head and neck cancers.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

MC

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: mitoxantrone (DHAD) and cytarabine (ara-C)
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL).
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

MeCP

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: methyl semustine, cyclophosphamide (CTX) and prednisone (PRED).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL).
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

M-VAC

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: methotrexate (MTX), vinblastine (VLB), doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of carcinomas of the urinary bladder.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 2
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

PVB

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: cisplatin (DDP), vinblastine (VLB) and bleomycin (BLEO).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF: chemotherapy treatment of testicular tumors.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 3
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

VIP

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: vinblastine (VLB), ifosfamide (IFF) and cisplatin (DDP).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of testicular tumors.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/oral

VPI

IS_A: combination anticancer drug
MADE_OF: ifosfamide (IFF) and etoposide (VP-16).
product_type_Of: Health-Care Organization
USED_IN/USED_IN_THE_TREATMENT_OF chemotherapy treatment of SCLC and NSCLC.
state_of_matter: liquid
TOXICITY: 4
WAYS_OF_ADMINISTRATION: iv/ora

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ISSN: 1139-8736
Depósito Legal: B-35783-2001