@misc{10481/99713,
year = {2019},
month = {2},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/99713},
abstract = {Cortical thickness and surface area are thought to be genetically unrelated and shaped by independent neurobiological events suggesting that they should be considered separately in morphometric analyses. Although the developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and surface area may differ across brain regions and ages, there is no consensus regarding the relationships of physical fitness with cortical thickness and surface area as well as for its subsequent influence on intelligence. Thus, this study examines: (i) the associations of physical fitness components (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, speed-agility and muscular fitness) with overall and regional cortical thickness and surface area; (ii) whether body composition indicators (i.e., body mass index, fat-free mass index and fat mass index) mediate these associations; and (iii) the association of physical fitness and cortical thickness with intelligence in overweight/obese children. A total of 101 overweight/obese children aged 8-11 years were recruited in Granada, Spain. The physical fitness components were assessed following the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery. T1-weighted images were acquired with a 3.0 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio system. We used FreeSurfer software version 5.3.0 to assess cortical thickness (mm) and surface area (mm2). The main results showed that cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility were related to overall cortical thickness (β = 0.321 and β = 0.302, respectively; both P < 0.05), and in turn, cortical thickness was associated with higher intelligence (β = 0.198, P < 0.05). Muscular fitness was not related to overall cortical thickness. None of the three physical fitness components were related to surface area (p > 0.05). The associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility with overall cortical thickness were mediated by fat mass index (56.86% & 62.28%, respectively). In conclusion, cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility, but not muscular fitness, are associated with overall cortical thickness, and in turn, thicker brain cortex is associated with higher intelligence in overweight/obese children. Yet, none of the three physical fitness components were related to surface area. Importantly, adiposity may hinder the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness and speed-agility on cortical thickness. Understanding individual differences in brain morphology may have important implications for educators and policy makers who aim to determine policies and interventions to maximize academic learning and occupational success later in life.},
organization = {This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2013-47540, DEP2016-79512-R & PSI2012- 3929), the Alicia Kolplowitz Foundation and for the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2011-09011 & FJCI-2014-19563). IE-C received a scholarship from the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation and a Jose Castillejo scholarship (CAS17/00320) for a brief stay in the Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Australia. CC-S is supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BES-2014-068829). JM-G and JHM are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU14/06837 and FPU15/02645, respectively). PH is supported by a grant from the Strategic Research Area Health Care Science, Karolinska Institutet/Umeå University. OC-R is supported by a Postdoctoral “PERIS” Contract (SLT006/17/00236) from the Catalan Government, 2017, Spain. JVR is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Junta de Andalucía (P10-HUM-6635). This study takes place thanks to the addi- tional funding from the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Inves- tigacio_n 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES). Additional funding from the EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI, the SAMID III network, RETICS, funded by the PN IþDþI 2017–2021 (Spain), ISCIII- Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion and the European Regional Devel- opment Fund (ERDF) (Ref. RD16/0022).},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Brain},
keywords = {Cardiorespiratory fitness},
keywords = {Children},
keywords = {Cortical thickness},
keywords = {Muscular fitness},
keywords = {Overweight},
keywords = {Physical fitness},
keywords = {Speed-agility},
title = {Fitness, cortical thickness and surface area in overweight/obese children: the mediating role of body composition and relationship with intelligence},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.047},
author = {Esteban Cornejo, Irene and Mora González, José Rafael and Cadenas Sánchez, Cristina and Contreras Rodríguez, Oren and Verdejo Román, Juan and Henriksson, Pontus and Migueles, Jairo H. and Rodríguez Ayllón, María and Molina García, Pablo and Suo, Chao and Hillman, Charles H. and Kramer, Arthur F. and Erickson, Kirk I. and Catena Martínez, Andrés and Verdejo García, Antonio Javier and Ortega Porcel, Francisco Bartolomé},
}