@misc{10481/95992,
year = {2024},
month = {9},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/95992},
abstract = {Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband,
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet
these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial
intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different
Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and
improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project
for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to
send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing
operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated
throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding
the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR,
Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic
scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution
across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately
1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions,
such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms.},
organization = {Ministry for Digital Transformation and of Civil Service of
the Spanish Government through the 6G-CHRONOS Project under Grant TSI-063000-2021-28},
organization = {European Union through the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan—NextGenerationEU},
organization = {MICIU/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 under Grant PID2022-137329OB-C43},
organization = {H2020 Research and Innovation Project 5G-CLARITY under Grant 871428},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {5G},
keywords = {LiFi},
keywords = {Wi-Fi},
keywords = {MPTCP},
title = {Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation},
doi = {10.3390/s24186022},
author = {Navarro-Ortiz, Jorge and Ramos-Muñoz, Juan José and Delgado Ferro, Félix and Canellas, Ferran and Camps-Mur, Daniel and Emami, Amin and Falaki, Hamid},
}