@misc{10481/95631,
year = {2024},
month = {9},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/95631},
abstract = {Objectives: To update the current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral
leukoplakia (OL), including all studies published worldwide on the subject, selected
with the maximum rigor regarding eligibility.
Materials and Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were
searched for studies published before June-2024,
with no lower date limit. The risk of
bias was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for meta-analyses
of proportions.
We carried out meta-analyses,
explored heterogeneity across subgroups and
identified risk factors with potential prognostic value.
Results: Fifty-five
studies (41,231 with OL) were included. The pooled malignant
transformation proportion for OL was 6.64% (95% CI = 5.21–8.21). The malignant
transformation did not significantly vary by time periods (p = 0.75), 5.35% prior to
1978, 7.06% from 1979 to 2007 and 6.97% during more recent times. The risk factors
that significantly had a higher impact on malignant transformation were the non-homogeneous
leukoplakias (RR = 4.23, 95% CI = 3.31–5.39, p < 0.001), the larger size
(RR = 2.08, 1.45–2.96, p < 0.001), leukoplakia located on the lateral border of tongue
(malignant transformation = 12.71%; RR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.48–2.95, p < 0.001), smoking
(RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.25–2.15, p < 0.001), and the presence of epithelial dysplasia
(RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 2.26–3.35, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: OL presents a considerable malignant transformation probability that
is especially increased in large non-homogeneous
lesions in smokers, located on the
lateral border of the tongue, with epithelial dysplasia.},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
keywords = {malignant transformation},
keywords = {meta-analysis},
keywords = {oral cancer},
title = {Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis},
doi = {10.1111/odi.15140},
author = {Pimenta-Barros, Liliana Aparecida and Ramos García, Pablo and González Moles, Miguel Ángel and Aguirre Urízar, José Manuel and Warnakulasuriya, Saman},
}