@misc{10481/95193,
year = {2020},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/95193},
abstract = {Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of an electrotherapy intervention with galvanic current on symptoms associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon.
Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial, parallel design (1:1 ratio) and intention to treat analysis. 
Setting: Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain.
Subjects: Thirty-four participants with Raynaud’s phenomenon, with a mean (SD) age of 43.43 (17.62) years. 
Interventions: The patients were randomly assigned to a control group with conservative treatment (anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and analgesic drugs) or an intervention group that received conservative treatment and vasodilatory electrical stimulation during seven weeks, three times/week for a total of 20 sessions.
Main measures: The primary outcome was the number of attacks). Secondary outcomes were: pain, peripheral blow flow, oxygen saturation, upper limb disability, central sensitization, pain catastrophizing and temperature recovery. All outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and at two months of follow-up.
Results: The galvanic current electrotherapy group showed significantly greater improvements in the number of attacks (mean difference 26.3, 95% CI 14.4−38.3), pre-cold stress pain (95% CI 0.6−2.4), radial artery blood flow (95% CI -7.8 ≥ x ≤1.3), ulnar artery blood flow (95% CI -8.63−0.60), oxygen saturation (95% CI -1.7 ≥ x ≤ -0.29), upper limb disability (95% CI 1.1−22.3), central sensitization (95% CI 6.7−18.2) and temperature recovery (95% CI -5.7 ≥ x ≤ -0.32), than the conservative treatment group. 
Conclusions: This study suggests that a complementary treatment with galvanic current in combination to conservative approach is superior to conservative applied as isolate, in reducing the clinical manifestations and disability in Raynaud’s phenomenon.},
publisher = {Sage},
keywords = {Raynaud Disease},
keywords = {Electric stimulation therapy},
keywords = {Randomized controlled trial},
title = {The complementary effects of galvanic current electrical stimulation associated with conservative treatment to increase vasodilation in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon: a randomized trial},
doi = {10.1177/0269215520907652},
author = {Tapia Haro, Rosa María and García Ríos, María Del Carmen and Toledano-Moreno, Sonia and Casas Barragán, Antonio and Castro Sánchez, Adelaida María and Aguilar Ferrandiz, María Encarnación},
}