@misc{10481/93534,
year = {2024},
month = {6},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/93534},
abstract = {Background and aims: The extent to which heavy smoking and retirement risk are causally related remains to be
determined. To overcome the endogeneity of heavy smoking behaviour, we employed a novel approach by
exploiting the genetic predisposition to heavy smoking, as measured with a polygenic risk score (PGS), in a
Mendelian Randomisation approach.
Methods: 8164 participants (mean age 68.86 years) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing had complete
data on smoking behaviour, employment and a heavy smoking PGS. Heavy smoking was indexed as smoking at
least 20 cigarettes a day. A time-to-event Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis, using a complementary
log–log (cloglog) link function, was employed to model the retirement risk.
Results: Our results show that being a heavy smoker significantly increases the risk of retirement (β = 1.324,
standard error = 0.622, p < 0.05). Results were robust to a battery of checks and a placebo analysis considering
the never-smokers.
Conclusions: Overall, our findings support a causal pathway from heavy smoking to earlier retirement.},
organization = {National
Institute on Aging (Grant: RO1AG7644)},
organization = {consortium of UK
government departments coordinated by the Economic and Social
Research Council},
organization = {Tomas y Valiente
Fellowship funded by the Madrid Institute for Advanced Study (MIAS),
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain},
organization = {PID2022-
137819NB-I00 funded by the Spanish government},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Smoking},
keywords = {Retirement risk},
keywords = {Polygenic Risk Scores},
title = {The effect of heavy smoking on retirement risk: A mendelian randomisation analysis},
doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108078},
author = {Gaggero, Alessio and Ajnakina, Olesya and Zucchelli, Eugenio and Hackett, Ruth A.},
}