@misc{10481/93037,
year = {2024},
month = {4},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/93037},
abstract = {The study evaluated Ceremonia 25 EC®, a plant protection product (PPP) containing difenoconazole, in tomato
crops, to identify potential risks associated with PPPs, and in addition to this compound, known metabolites from
difenoconazole degradation and co-formulants present in the PPP were monitored. An ultra high performance
liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap mass analyser (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) method was
validated with a working range of 2 μg/kg (limit of quantification, LOQ) to 200 μg/kg. Difenoconazole degradation
followed a biphasic double first-order in parallel (DFOP) kinetic model in laboratory and greenhouse
trials, with high accuracy (R2 > 0.9965). CGA-205374, difenoconazole-alcohol, and hydroxy-difenoconazole
metabolites were tentatively identified and semi-quantified in laboratory trials by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS from
day 2 to day 30. No metabolites were found in greenhouse trials. Additionally, 13 volatile co-formulants were
tentatively identified by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to Q-Orbitrap-MS, detectable up to the 7th day after
PPP application. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of difenoconazole dissipation in tomatoes,
identification of metabolites, and detection of co-formulants associated with the applied PPP.},
organization = {Project ref. PID2019-106201RB-I00) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033},
organization = {Andalusian Ministry
of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities
for financial support from “Ayudas para Captacion, Incorporacion y
Movilidad de Capital Humano de I + D + I (PAIDI 2020)”},
organization = {Ministry of Universities of Spain for financial support
from “Ayudas para la Formación del Profesorado Universitario (FPU)”,
ref. FPU19/04260},
organization = {University of Almería for his “Convocatoria
de Recualificación do Sistema Universitario Español-Margarita
Salas” postdoc grant under the “Plan de Recuperación
Transformación” program funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities
with European Union’s NextGenerationEU funds},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Difenoconazole},
keywords = {Metabolite identification},
keywords = {Co-formulants},
title = {Tracing the dissipation of difenoconazole, its metabolites and co-formulants in tomato: A comprehensive analysis by chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry in laboratory and greenhouse trials},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123924},
author = {Maldonado Reina, Antonio Jesús and López Ruiz, Rosalía and Marín Sáez, Jesús and Romero González, Roberto and Garrido Frenich, Antonia},
}