@misc{10481/92549,
year = {2023},
month = {12},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/92549},
abstract = {Salt crystallization is an aggressive weathering mechanism affecting porous building materials. The extensive use
of Portland cement, a source of alkalis, in modern buildings and restoration interventions makes sodium carbonate
salts important weathering agents. Herein, we study salt damage to a porous stone commonly used in the
Andalusian built heritage (Santa Pudia limestone) due to stress generation associated with the precipitation of
natron (Na2CO3⋅10 H2O). We performed cyclic crystallization tests combined with thermodynamic and poromechanical
calculations to determine salt crystallization pressure and effective tensile stress suffered by the
material. The outcome reveals that in-pore natron crystallization during cooling/evaporation generates stresses
exceeding the tensile strength of the wet substrate, leading to extensive damage by fracturing and material loss.
Damage is reduced using aminotris(methylenephosphonic) acid (ATMP), a common phosphonate-based crystallization
modifier that induces non-damaging efflorescence growth as opposed to damaging subflorescence
growth, which takes place in its absence.},
organization = {Campus of International
Excellence in Heritage, PatrimoniUN10 (project CEI14-PATRIM-1)},
organization = {Junta de Andalucía (Research Group RNM-179 and project P20_00675)},
organization = {University of Granada, UGR (Research Excellence Unit UCEPP2016-05 "Carbonates")},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research project
PID2021-125305NB-I00},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Sodium carbonate},
keywords = {Salt crystallization},
keywords = {Salt damage},
title = {Damage of porous building stone by sodium carbonate crystallization and the effect of crystallization modifiers},
doi = {10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134591},
author = {Ruiz Agudo, Encarnación and Ibáñez Velasco, Aurelia María and Ruiz Agudo, Cristina and Bonilla-Correa, Sarah and Elert, Kerstin and Rodríguez Navarro, Carlos Manuel},
}