@misc{10481/88956,
year = {2020},
month = {10},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/88956},
abstract = {Human personality is 30-60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies. Hundreds of genetic variants are expected to influence its complex development, but few have been identified. We used a machine learning method for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover complex genotypic-phenotypic networks and environmental interactions. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measured the self-regulatory components of personality critical for health (i.e., the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified five clusters of people with distinct profiles of character traits regardless of genotype. Third, we found 42 SNP sets that identified 727 gene loci and were significantly associated with one or more of the character profiles. Each character profile was related to different SNP sets with distinct molecular processes and neuronal functions. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of 95% of the 42 SNP sets in healthy Korean and German samples, as well as their associations with character. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected for character in each sample (50 to 58%). We conclude that self-regulatory personality traits are strongly influenced by organized interactions among more than 700 genes despite variable cultures and environments. These gene sets modulate specific molecular processes in brain for intentional goal-setting, self-reflection, empathy, and episodic learning and memory.},
organization = {The Young Finns Study has been financially supported by the Academy of Finland: grants 286284, 134309 (Eye), 126925, 121584, 124282, 129378 (Salve), 117787 (Gendi), and 41071 (Skidi); the Social Insurance Institution of Finland; Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Kuopio, Tampere, and Turku University Hospitals (grant X51001); Juho Vainio Foundation; Paavo Nurmi Foundation; Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research; Finnish Cultural Foundation; Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; Emil Aaltonen Foundation; Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation; Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation; Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes Association; and EU Horizon 2020 (grant 755320 for TAXINOMISIS). The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention supported the study of healthy Germans. The National Healthy Twin Family Register of Korea supported the study of healthy Koreans. The Anthropedia Foundation and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology TIN2012-38805 and DPI2015-69585-R supported this collaboration. We thank biostatisticians Charles Gu and Miguel Angel Rubio Escudero for advice on statistical analysis, and five anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the paper.},
organization = {Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología del cual soy IP: PID2021-125017OB-I00 ; RTI2018-098983-B-I00  ; DPI2015-69585-R.},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
keywords = {Personality Character},
keywords = {Unsupervised Deep Machine Learning},
keywords = {Genotypic-phenotypic Architecture},
keywords = {PGMRA},
keywords = {GWAS},
keywords = {Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)},
title = {Uncovering the complex genetics of human character},
doi = {10.1038/s41380-018-0264-5},
author = {Zwir Nawrocki, Jorge Sergio Igor and Arnedo Fernández, Francisco Javier and Val Muñoz, María Coral Del and Pulkki-Råback, L and Konte, B and Romero Zaliz, Rocio Celeste and Hintsanen, M and Cloninger, KM and Garcia, D and Svrakic, DM and Rozsa, S and Martinez, M and Lyytikäinen, LP and Giegling, I and Kähönen, M and Hernandez-Cuervo, H and Seppälä, I and Raitoharju, E and de Erausquin, GA and Raitakari, O and Rujescu, D and Postolache, TT and Sung, J and Keltikangas-Järvinen, L and Lehtimäki, T and Cloninger, CR},
}