@misc{10481/87432,
year = {2018},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/87432},
abstract = {Respiratory infections in mechanically ventilated patients caused by Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of 
morbidity. Rapid and unequivocal determination of the presence, localization, and abundance of bacteria is criti cal for positive resolution of the infections and could be used for patient stratification and for monitoring treat ment efficacy. Here, we developed an in situ approach to visualize Gram-negative bacterial species and cellular 
infiltrates in distal human lungs in real time. We used optical endomicroscopy to visualize a water-soluble optical 
imaging probe based on the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin conjugated to an environmentally sensitive fluoro phore. The probe was chemically stable and nontoxic and, after in-human intrapulmonary microdosing, enabled 
the specific detection of Gram-negative bacteria in distal human airways and alveoli within minutes. The results 
suggest that pulmonary molecular imaging using a topically administered fluorescent probe targeting bacterial 
lipid A is safe and practical, enabling rapid in situ identification of Gram-negative bacteria in humans.},
organization = {This work was supported by 
Wellcome Trust, the Department of Health Healthcare Innovation Challenge Fund 
(HICF-0510-069), and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Interdisciplinary 
Research Collaboration “Proteus” (EP/K03197X/1). The GMP activities were supported by the 
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BRC GMP Unit at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS 
Foundation Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS 
Foundation Trust and King’s College London.},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
keywords = {Gram negative bacteria},
keywords = {Optical imaging},
keywords = {Fluorescence},
title = {In situ identification of Gram-negative bacteria in  human lungs using a topical fluorescent peptide  targeting lipid A},
doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.aal0033},
author = {Akram, Ahsan R and Chankeshwara, Sunay V and Scholefield, Emma and Aslam, Tashfeen and McDonald, Neil and Megía Fernández, Alicia and Marshall, Adam and Mills, Bethany and Avlonitis, Nicolaos and Craven, Thomas H and Smyth, Annya M and Collie, David S and Gray, Calum and Hirani, Nik and Hill, Adam T and Govan, John R and Walsh, Timothy and Haslett, Christopher and Bradley, Mark and Dhaliwal, Kevin},
}