@misc{10481/84442,
year = {2023},
month = {8},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/84442},
abstract = {This study analyzed the variability of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations and their sources in urban Europe to provide insights into the use of eBC as an advanced air quality (AQ) parameter for AQ standards. This study compiled eBC mass concentration datasets covering the period between 2006 and 2022 from 50 measurement stations, including 23 urban background (UB), 18 traffic (TR), 7 suburban (SUB), and 2 regional background (RB) sites. The results highlighted the need for the harmonization of eBC measurements to allow for direct comparisons between eBC mass concentrations measured across urban Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB. Furthermore, a clear decreasing trend in eBC concentrations was observed in the UB sites moving from Southern to Northern Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, including marked differences in eBC mass concentration and variable contributions of pollution sources to bulk eBC between different cities. Seasonal patterns in eBC concentrations were also evident, with higher winter concentrations observed in a large proportion of cities, especially at UB and SUB sites. The contribution of eBC from fossil fuel combustion, mostly traffic (eBCT) was higher than that of residential and commercial sources (eBCRC) in all European sites studied. Nevertheless, eBCRC still had a substantial contribution to total eBC mass concentrations at a majority of the sites. eBC trend analysis revealed decreasing trends for eBCT over the last decade, while eBCRC remained relatively constant or even increased slightly in some cities.},
organization = {RI-URBANS project (Research Infrastructures Services Reinforcing Air Quality Monitoring Capacities in European Urban amp; Industrial Areas)},
organization = {Horizon 2020},
organization = {Green Deal},
organization = {European Union (EU)
European Commission Joint Research Centre},
organization = {Agencia Estatal de Investigacion},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the project CAIAC},
organization = {Agencia de Gestio D'Ajuts Universitaris de Recerca Agaur (AGAUR)
Generalitat de Catalunya},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for her FPI},
organization = {National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health},
organization = {Swedish Environmental Protection Agency},
organization = {ARPA Lazio},
organization = {Environmental Protection Agency},
organization = {Core Program within the Romanian National Research Development and Innovation Plan},
organization = {MCID
	101036245},
organization = {European Regional Development Fund through the Competitiveness Operational Programme},
organization = {H2020 Programme, project Strengthen the participation of the ACTRIS-RO
	PID2019-108990RB-I00},
organization = {European research infrastructure ACTRIS
	SGR-447},
organization = {ACTRIS-ROC
	PRE-2020-095498},
organization = {MYSMIS},
organization = {Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the projects},
organization = {ACTRIS-España},
organization = {Labex CaPPA project},
organization = {Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
	2022-2027},
organization = {CLIMIBIO
	PN 23 05},
organization = {ECRIN projects
	2014-2020},
organization = {Regional Council "Hauts-de-France"},
organization = {European Union (EU)},
organization = {French Ministry of Environment},
organization = {107596,
	
	337/2021,
	
	PID2020-120015RB-I00,
	
	PID2021-128757OB-I00,
	
	AICO/2021/341,
	
	ANR-11-LABX-0005-01},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Air quality},
keywords = {European urban environment},
keywords = {Filter absorption photometer},
keywords = {Source apportionment},
keywords = {eBC},
title = {The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081},
author = {Savadkoohi, Marjan and Titos Vela, Gloria and Alados Arboledas, Lucas},
}