@misc{10481/81549,
year = {2023},
month = {2},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/81549},
abstract = {Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthetized by a one-step thermal method from different N-rich precursors,
namely melamine, dicyandiamide, urea, thiourea and cyanamide. The structure, optical and physicochemical
properties of g-C3N4 materials were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy, among others. Both melamine and dicyandiamide
provided a less porous structure composed by large flake sheets, whereas urea and thiourea favoured g-C3N4
composed by small flat sheets and wrinkles with a larger porosity. The establishment of more condensed g-C3N4
networks with a reduced band gap was also evidenced for melamine and dicyandiamide precursors, while urea
favoured less condensed melem or melon structures. The photoactivity of the different g-C3N4 was assessed for
the removal of an aqueous solution containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cyclophosphamide (CP) or a mixture of both
cytostatic drugs, under near UV-Vis and solar-LED irradiations. The best performing photocatalysts under near
UV-Vis irradiation, were those prepared from melamine (kapp = 14.6 × 10–2 min–1 for 5-FU) and thiourea (kapp =
2.5 × 10–2 min–1 for CP), while urea was the most active under solar-LED irradiation (kapp = 0.183 × 10–2 min–1
for 5-FU). In addition, CP was more resistant to be degraded than 5-FU, and a competitive effect for the generated
hydroxyl radicals was evidenced when both pollutant molecules were in the same solution. The photoactivity of
g-C3N4 materials was justified by the combination of various effects: (i) surface area, (ii) well-connected and
condensed g-C3N4 structures and (iii) high surface C/N ratios with nitrogen vacancies},
organization = {Spanish Projects from MCIN/AEI/FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa"	RTI2018-099224-B-I00},
organization = {FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades	B-RNM-486-UGR20},
organization = {Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Universidad, Investigacion e Innovacion -Proyecto	P21_00208},
organization = {MICIN/AEI},
organization = {European Social Found (FSE)	PRE2019-087946},
organization = {MICIN/AEI	RYC-2019-026634-I},
organization = {FSE "El FSE invierte en tu futuro"},
organization = {Universidad de Granada/CBUA},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Carbon nitride},
keywords = {Chemical structure},
keywords = {Precursors},
keywords = {Photocatalysis},
keywords = {5-fluorouracil},
keywords = {Cyclophosphamide},
title = {Photodegradation of cytostatic drugs by g-C3N4: Synthesis, properties and performance fitted by selecting the appropriate precursor},
doi = {10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114068},
author = {Pérez Molina, Álvaro and Pastrana Martínez, Luisa María and Morales Torres, Sergio and Maldonado Hodar, Francisco José},
}