@misc{10481/81537,
year = {2023},
month = {3},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/81537},
abstract = {This work presents a comparison of integrated water vapor (IWV) data recorded from microwave radiometer
(MWR) and sun-photometer (SP) using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) IWV as reference in five midlatitude
sites of Portugal and Spain (2003–2021). A very high correlation is obtained for both instruments (R2
between 0.94 and 0.98), although, while MWR shows a wet bias, SP exhibits a dry one. In addition, a dependence
of mean bias error (MBE) and standard deviation (SD) on IWV has been observed, increasing (larger discrepancies)
both indices as IWV increases. The solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence is also studied, finding slightly
larger discrepancies for the MWR than for SP in comparison with GNSS for very high values of SZA. Finally, a
marked seasonal dependence is observed for SP-GNSS differences, modulated by the IWV dependence explained
above. In contrast, the seasonal dependence for MWR is quite weaker than it is for SP. Therefore, in spite of the
excellent agreement found among the different instruments, it is recommended that: i) the dependence with IWV
be studied and corrected to further increase the performance of the instruments, and ii) metadata be used to filter
out situations in which the instrument cannot operate properly.},
organization = {Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)},
organization = {ICT project	UIDB/04683/2020},
organization = {TOMAQAPA project	PTDC/CTAMET/29678/2017},
organization = {Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN)
Spanish Government	RYC2019-027519-I},
organization = {MCIN/AE	PID2021-128008OB-I00},
organization = {European Commission	871115},
organization = {ATMO_ACCESS	101008004},
organization = {Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN)	PID2020-120015RB-I00},
organization = {Junta de Andalucia	P-18-RT-3820},
publisher = {Elsevier},
keywords = {Water vapor},
keywords = {Sun-photometer},
keywords = {GNSS},
keywords = {Southwestern Europe},
keywords = {Iberia},
title = {Microwave radiometer, sun-photometer and GNSS multi-comparison of integrated water vapor in Southwestern Europe},
doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106698},
author = {Vaquero Martínez, Javier and Navas Guzmán, Francisco and Alados Arboledas, Lucas},
}