@misc{10481/81439,
year = {2023},
month = {3},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/81439},
abstract = {Background: Inhibitory control (IC) is the ability to prevent prepotent 
responses when inappropriate. Longitudinal research on IC development has 
mainly focused on early childhood and adolescence, while research on IC 
development in the first years of life is still scarce. To address this gap in the 
literature, we explored the association between executive attention (EA) and 
elementary forms of IC in infancy and toddlerhood, with individual differences 
in IC later at 5 years of age.
Method: We conducted a five-wave longitudinal study in which children’s EA 
and IC (n = 96) were tested at the age of 9 and 16 months and 2, 3, and 5 years. 
Children performed various age-appropriate EA and IC tasks in each wave, 
measuring inhibition of attention, endogenous control of attention, inhibition 
of the response, and conflict inhibition. At 5 years of age, IC was measured with 
a Go/No-go task while recording event-related potentials. After correlation 
analyses, structural equation model analyses were performed to predict IC at 
5 years of age from EA and early IC measures.
Results: The results revealed that EA at 9 months predicted IC measures at 
2 years of age. Likewise, measures of IC at 2 years predicted performance on 
the Go/No-go task at behavioral and neural levels. No direct association was 
found between EA at 9 months and IC at 5 years of age. We further observed 
that some EA and IC measures were not associated across time.
Conclusion: As we expected, EA skills in infancy and toddlerhood were related 
to better performance of children on IC tasks, toghether with a more mature 
inhibition-related brain functioning. Altogether, the results indicate that IC in 
early childhood could be predicted from EA and IC at 9 months and 2 years 
of age and suggest that the early emergence of IC relies on the development 
of particular EA and basic IC skills. However, some discontinuities in the 
longitudinal development of IC are observed in the first 5 years of life. These 
findings provide further support for the hierarchical model of IC development},
organization = {Spanish State Research Agency 
(grants PSI2017-82670-P and PID2020-113996GB-100), awarded to 
MR},
organization = {FPU fellowship (AP2010-3525) awarded to the main 
author ÁC from the Spanish Government},
publisher = {Frontiers},
keywords = {Inhibitory control},
keywords = {Infancy},
keywords = {Early childhood},
keywords = {Longitudinal research},
keywords = {Executive attention},
title = {Predicting behavioral and brain  markers of inhibitory control at  preschool age from early  measures of executive attention},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2023.983361},
author = {Conejero Barbero, Ángela and Rico Picó, Josué and Moyano Flores, Pablo Sebastián and Hoyo, Ángela and Rueda Cuerva, María Del Rosario},
}