@misc{10481/78437,
year = {2022},
month = {11},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/78437},
abstract = {Based on previous visual assessments of 440 color pairs of 3D-printed samples, we tested
the performance of eight color-difference formulas (CIELAB, CIEDE2000, CAM02-LCD, CAM02-SCD,
CAM02-UCS, CAM16-LCD, CAM16-SCD, and CAM16-UCS) using the standardized residual sum
of squares (STRESS) index. For the whole set of 440 color pairs, the introduction of kL (lightness
parametric factor), b (exponent in total color difference), and kL + b produced an average STRESS
decrease of 2.6%, 26.9%, and 29.6%, respectively. In most cases, the CIELAB formula was significantly
worse statistically than the remaining seven formulas, for which no statistically significant differences
were found. Therefore, based on visual results using 3D-object colors with the specific shape,
size, gloss, and magnitude of color differences considered here, we concluded that the CIEDE2000,
CAM02-, and CAM16-based formulas were equivalent and thus cannot recommend only one of
them. Disregarding CIELAB, the average STRESS decreases in the kL + b-optimized formulas from
changes in each one of the four analyzed parametric factors were not statistically significant and
had the following values: 6.2 units changing from color pairs with less to more than 5.0 CIELAB
units; 2.9 units changing the shape of the samples (lowest STRESS values for cylinders); 0.7 units
changing from nearly-matte to high-gloss samples; and 0.5 units changing from 4 cm to 2 cm samples.},
organization = {Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication	BIGC Ec202003
BIGC Ec202102
BIGC Ec202302},
organization = {Ministry of Science and Innovation of the National Government of Spain	PID2019-107816GB-I00/SRA},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {Color difference},
keywords = {3D color printing},
keywords = {CIEDE2000},
keywords = {CIECAM02},
keywords = {CIECAM16},
title = {Optimizing Color-Difference Formulas for 3D-Printed Objects},
doi = {10.3390/s22228869},
author = {Huang, Min and Melgosa Latorre, Manuel},
}