@misc{10481/78418,
year = {2022},
month = {11},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/78418},
abstract = {Nowadays, the impact of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TME) in non-small-cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis and treatment response remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated the
expression of PD-L1, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and transforming growth factor beta
(TGF- ) in NSCLC to identify differences in TME, detect possible new prognostic factors, and assess
their relationship. We retrospectively analyzed 55 samples from patients who underwent NSCLC
surgery and had over a 5-year follow-up. PD-L1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry
following standard techniques. The presence of TILs was evaluated at low magnification and
classified into two categories, “intense” and “non-intense”. Cytoplasmic TGF-  staining visualization
was divided into four categories, and unequivocal nuclear staining in >1% of viable tumor cells
was defined as “present” or “absent”. Our aim was to identify differences in disease-free survival
(DFS) and overall survival (OS). Tumor stage was the only objective prognostic factor for OS. PD-L1
expression and the presence of TILs had no prognostic impact, neither their combination. There seems
to be a lower expression of PD-L1 and a higher expression of TILs in early stages of the disease. Our
TGF-  nuclear staining analysis was promising, since it was associated with worse DFS, revealing
this protein as a possible prognostic biomarker of recurrence for resectable NSCLC.},
organization = {Andalusian Public Foundation for Biosanitary Research of Eastern Andalusia Alejandro Otero (FIBAO)},
organization = {Andalusian Health Service},
organization = {Andalusian public health system biobank	S2000353},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {PD-L1},
keywords = {TILs},
keywords = {TGF- beta},
keywords = {Prognostic factors},
keywords = {Checkpoint inhibition},
keywords = {Early-stage lung cancer},
title = {TFG-beta Nuclear Staining as a Potential Relapse Risk Factor in Early-Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer},
doi = {10.3390/ijms232213780},
author = {Cárdenas Quesada, Nuria and Márquez Lobo, Bélgica and Núñez Torres, María Isabel},
}