@misc{10481/78114,
year = {2022},
month = {9},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/78114},
abstract = {Background: Current epidemiologic evidence indicates that
smoking is associated with a lower endometrial cancer risk. However,
it is unknown if this association is causal or confounded. To
further elucidate the role of smoking in endometrial cancer risk, we
conducted complementary observational and Mendelian randomization
(MR) analyses.
Methods: The observational analyses included 286,415 participants
enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer
and Nutrition and 179,271 participants in the UK Biobank, and
multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used. In twosampleMR
analyses, genetic variants robustly associated with lifetime
amount of smoking (n ¼ 126 variants) and ever having smoked
regularly (n ¼ 112 variants) were selected and their association with
endometrial cancer risk (12,906 cancer/108,979 controls from the
Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium) was examined.
Results: In the observational analysis, lifetime amount of smoking
and ever having smoked regularly were associated with a lower
endometrial cancer risk. In the MR analysis accounting for body
mass index, a genetic predisposition to a higher lifetime amount of
smoking was not associated with endometrial cancer risk (OR per
1-SD increment: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.44). Genetic
predisposition to ever having smoked regularly was not associated
with risk of endometrial cancer.
Conclusions: Smoking was inversely associated with endometrial
cancer in the observational analyses, although unsupported by
the MR. Additional studies are required to better understand the
possible confounders and mechanisms underlying the observed
associations between smoking and endometrial cancer.
Impact: The results from this analysis indicate that smoking is
unlikely to be causally linked with endometrial cancer risk.},
organization = {World Health Organization},
organization = {Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London},
organization = {NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)},
organization = {Danish Cancer Society},
organization = {Ligue Contre le Cancer (France)		
Institut Gustave Roussy (France)		
MutuelleGenerale de l'Education Nationale (France)},
organization = {Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)},
organization = {Deutsche Krebshilfe		
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) (Germany)		
German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) (Germany)		
Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF)},
organization = {Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro		
Compagnia di San Paolo		
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)},
organization = {Netherlands Government		
Netherlands Government},
organization = {World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF)},
organization = {Netherlands Government},
organization = {Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spain)},
organization = {Junta de Andalucia},
organization = {Principality of Asturias		
Regional Government of Basque Country (Spain)		
Regional Government of Murcia (Spain)		
Regional Government of Navarra (Spain)		
Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO (Spain)},
organization = {Swedish Cancer Society		
Swedish Research Council		
County Council of Skane (Sweden)		
County Council of Vasterbotten (Sweden)},
organization = {Cancer Research UK	14136	
C8221/A29017},
organization = {UK Research & Innovation (UKRI)},
organization = {Medical Research Council UK (MRC)	1000143	
MR/M012190/1	
MR/N003284/1	
MC-UU_12015/1	
MC_UU_00006/ 1},
organization = {Cancer Research UK	C864/A14136	
C18281/A29019},
organization = {Cancer Research UK	C864/A14136	
C18281/A29019},
publisher = {American Association for Cancer Research},
title = {Cigarette Smoking and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses},
doi = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1176},
author = {Dimou, Niki and Sánchez Pérez, María José},
}