@misc{10481/77736,
year = {2022},
month = {10},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/77736},
abstract = {Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of liver
alterations that can result in severe disease and even death. Consumption of ultra-processed foods
(UPF) has been associated with obesity and related comorbidities. However, the link between UPF
and NAFLD has not been sufficiently assessed. We aimed to investigate the prospective association
between UPF consumption and liver health biomarkers. Methods: We followed for 1 year 5867 older
participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus
trial. A validated 143-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate
consumption of UPF at baseline, 6, and 12 months. The degree of processing for foods and beverages
(g/day) was established according to the NOVA classification system. The non-invasive fatty liver
index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were used to evaluate liver health at three points in time.
The associations between changes in UPF consumption (percentage of total daily dietary intake (g))
and liver biomarkers were assessed using mixed-effects linear models with repeated measurements.
Results: In this cohort, UPF consumption at baseline was 8.19% (SD 6.95%) of total daily dietary
intake in grams. In multivariable models, each 10% daily increment in UPF consumption in 1 year
was associated with significantly greater FLI (  1.60 points, 95% CI 1.24;1.96 points) and HSI (0.43,
0.29; 0.57) scores (all p-values < 0.001). These associations persisted statistically significant after
adjusting for potential dietary confounders and NAFLD risk factors. Conclusions: A higher UPF
consumption was associated with higher levels of NAFLD-related biomarkers in older adults with
overweight/obesity and MetS.},
organization = {European Research Council (ERC)
European Commission	340918},
organization = {Spanish National Health Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), through CIBEROBN},
organization = {European Commission	PI13/00673	
PI13/00492	
PI13/00272	
PI13/01123	
PI13/00462	
PI13/00233	
PI13/02184	
PI13/00728	
PI13/01090	
PI13/01056	
PI14/01722	
PI14/00636	
PI14/00618	
PI14/00696	
PI14/01206},
organization = {Especial Action Project entitled: Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant},
organization = {La Caixa Foundation	2013ACUP00194},
organization = {Junta de Andalucia	PI0458/2013	
PS0358/2016	
PI0137/2018	
RH-0024-2021},
organization = {Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF)},
organization = {European Commission	PROMETEO/2017/017},
organization = {SEMERGEN grant},
organization = {Spanish Government	IJC2019-042420-I},
organization = {European Social Fund (ESF)},
organization = {Spanish National Health Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII)	CPII20/00014	
ICREA},
organization = {The European Regional Development Fund	PI17/00855	
PI17/01347	
PI17/00525	
PI17/01827	
PI17/00532	
PI17/00215	
PI17/01441	
PI17/00508	
PI17/01732	
PI17/00926	
PI19/00957	
PI19/00386	
PI19/00309	
PI19/01032	
PI19/00576	
European Commission	PI19/00017	
PI19/01226	
PI19/00781	
PI19/01560	
PI19/01332	
PI20/01802	
PI20/00138	
PI20/01532	
PI20/00456	
PI20/00339	
PI20/00557	
PI20/00886	
PI20/01158	
PI21/00465},
organization = {"Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud" (FIS)},
organization = {European Commission	PI14/01919	
PI14/00853	
PI14/01374	
PI14/00972	
PI14/00728	
PI14/01471	
PI16/00473	
PI16/00662	
PI16/01873	
PI16/01094	
PI16/00501	
PI16/00533	
PI16/00381	
PI16/00366	
PI16/01522	
PI16/01120	
PI17/00764	
PI17/01183},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {Ultra-processed food},
keywords = {Liver health markers},
keywords = {Fatty liver index},
keywords = {Hepatic steatosis index},
keywords = {Metabolic syndrome},
title = {Does Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods Matter for Liver Health? Prospective Analysis among Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome},
doi = {10.3390/nu14194142},
author = {Konieczna, Jadwiga and Bueno Cavanillas, Aurora},
}