@misc{10481/77118,
year = {2022},
month = {9},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10481/77118},
abstract = {According to the so-called Classical Theory, concepts are mentally represented by
individually necessary and jointly sufficient application conditions. One of the principal
empirical objections against this view stems from evidence that people judge
some instances of a concept to be more typical than others. In this paper we present
and discuss four empirical studies that investigate the extent to which this ‘typicality
effect’ holds for the concept of basic needs. Through multiple operationalizations of
typicality, our studies yielded evidence for a strong effect of this kind: (1) Participants
tended to recall the same core examples of the concept in a free-listing task. (2) They
judged some basic needs to be more typical than others. (3) The items that were judged
to be more typical were listed more frequently in the free-listing task. (4) These items
were listed earlier on in the free-listing task. (5) Typical basic needs, as well as non
needs, were classified faster than atypical basic needs in a reaction time study. These
findings suggest that the concept of basic needs may have a non-classical (e.g., exemplar
or prototype) structure. If so, the quest for a simple and robust intensional analysis
of the concept may be futile.},
organization = {Austrian Science Fund (FWF)},
organization = {Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)},
organization = {Japan Society for the Promotion of Science	PE21001},
organization = {Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz (Start-Up Grant), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion	PID2020-119791RA-I00},
organization = {Austrian Science Fund (FWF)	P33169},
publisher = {Springer},
keywords = {Basic needs},
keywords = {Typicality effect},
keywords = {Conceptual analysis},
keywords = {Experimental philosophy},
keywords = {Prototype theory},
title = {The typicality effect in basic needs},
doi = {10.1007/s11229-022-03859-9},
author = {Pölzler, Thomas and Rodríguez Hannikainen, Ivar Allan},
}