@misc{10481/76487,
year = {2022},
month = {7},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/76487},
abstract = {Chemical gardens are self-assembled structures of mineral precipitates enabled by semi-permeable
membranes. To explore the effects of gravity on the formation of chemical gardens, we have studied
chemical gardens grown from cobalt chloride pellets and aqueous sodium silicate solution in a vertical
Hele–Shaw cell. Through photography, we have observed and quantitatively analysed upward growing
tubes and downward growing fingers. The latter were not seen in previous experimental studies involving
similar physicochemical systems in 3-dimensional or horizontal confined geometry. To better
understand the results, further studies of flow patterns, buoyancy forces, and growth dynamics under
schlieren optics have been carried out, together with characterisation of the precipitates with scanning
electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. In addition to an ascending flow and the resulting
precipitation of tubular filaments, a previously not reported descending flow has been observed which,
under some conditions, is accompanied by precipitation of solid fingering structures. We conclude that
the physics of both the ascending and descending flows are shaped by buoyancy, together with osmosis
and chemical reaction. The existence of the descending flow might highlight a limitation in current
experimental methods for growing chemical gardens under gravity, where seeds are typically not
suspended in the middle of the solution and are confined by the bottom of the vessel.},
organization = {Leverhulme Trust	RPG-2015-002},
organization = {Spanish Government	FIS2016-77692-C2-2PP	
PCIN-098},
organization = {European COST action	CA17120},
publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
title = {Downward fingering accompanies upward tube growth in a chemical garden grown in a vertical confined geometry},
doi = {10.1039/d2cp01862d},
author = {Ding, Yang and Gutiérrez Ariza, Carlos and Sainz Díaz, Claro Ignacio and Cartwright, Julyan H. E.},
}