@misc{10481/75726,
year = {2022},
month = {5},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/75726},
abstract = {Enhanced crop growth and yield are the recurring concerns in agricultural field,
considering the soaring world population and climate change. Abiotic stresses are one
of the major limiting factors for constraining crop production, for several economically
important horticultural crops, and contribute to almost 70% of yield gap. Salt stress
is one of these unsought abiotic stresses that has become a consistent problem
in agriculture over the past few years. Salinity further induces ionic, osmotic, and
oxidative stress that result in various metabolic perturbations (including the generation
of reactive oxygen, carbonyl, and nitrogen species), reduction in water potential (%w),
distorted membrane potential, membrane injury, altered rates of photosynthesis, leaf
senescence, and reduced nitrogen assimilation, among others); thereby provoking a
drastic reduction in crop growth and yield. One of the strategies to mitigate salt stress
is the use of natural plant extracts (PEs) instead of chemical fertilizers, thus limiting
water, soil, and environmental pollution. PEs mainly consist of seeds, roots, shoots,
fruits, flowers, and leaves concentrates employed either individually or in mixtures.
Since PEs are usually rich in bioactive compounds (e.g., carotenoids, flavonoids,
phenolics, etc.), therefore they are effective in regulating redox metabolism, thereby
promoting plant growth and yield. However, various factors like plant growth stage,
doses applied, application method, soil, and environmental conditions may greatly
influence their impact on plants. PEs have been reported to enhance salt tolerance in
plants primarily through modulation of signaling signatures and pathways (e.g., NaC,
ANNA4, GIPC, SOS3, and SCaBP8 Ca2C sensors, etc.), and regulation of redox
machinery [e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase
(APX), non-specific peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), peroxiredoxin (Prx),
ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), a-tocopherol, etc.]. The current study highlights
the role of PEs in terms of their sources, methods of preparation, and mode of action
with subsequent physiological changes induced in plants against salinity. However, an
explicit mode of action of PEs remains nebulous, which might be explicated utilizing
transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics approaches. Being
ecological and economical, PEs might pave the way for ensuring the food security in
this challenging era of climate change.},
organization = {European Union's Horizon 2020 Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019	872181
European Union's Horizon 2020 Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2020	101007702},
organization = {FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional)- Junta de Andalucia 2018	P18-H0-4700},
publisher = {Frontiers},
keywords = {Salt stress},
keywords = {Stress perception},
keywords = {Signaling signatures},
keywords = {NaCl},
keywords = {Bioactive compounds},
keywords = {Climate change},
keywords = {Antioxidants},
keywords = {Osmoprotectants},
title = {Combating Salinity Through Natural Plant Extracts Based Biostimulants: A Review},
doi = {10.3389/fpls.2022.862034},
author = {Ahmad, Ali and Blasco León, Begoña and Martos Núñez, María Vanesa},
}