@misc{10481/72853,
year = {2022},
month = {1},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/72853},
abstract = {Titanium particles embedded on peri-implant tissues are associated with a variety of
detrimental effects. Given that the characteristics of these detached fragments (size, concentration, etc.)
dictate the potential cytotoxicity and biological repercussions exerted, it is of paramount importance
to investigate the properties of these debris. This study compares the characteristics of particles
released among different implant systems (Group A: Straumann, Group B: BioHorizons and Group
C: Zimmer) during implantoplasty. A novel experimental system was utilized for measuring and
collecting particles generated from implantoplasty. A scanning mobility particle sizer, aerodynamic
particle sizer, nano micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor, and scanning electron microscope were
used to collect and analyze the particles by size. The chemical composition of the particles was
analyzed by highly sensitive microanalysis, microstructures by scanning electron microscope and the
mechanical properties by nanoindentation equipment. Particles released by implantoplasty showed
bimodal size distributions, with the majority of particles in the ultrafine size range (<100 nm) for all
groups. Statistical analysis indicated a significant difference among all implant systems in terms of the
particle number size distribution (p < 0.0001), with the highest concentration in Group B and lowest
in Group C, in both fine and ultrafine modes. Significant differences among all groups (p < 0.0001)
were also observed for the other two metrics, with the highest concentration of particle mass and
surface area in Group B and lowest in Group C, in both fine and ultrafine modes. For coarse particles
(>1  m), no significant difference was detected among groups in terms of particle number or mass,
but a significantly smaller surface area was found in Group A as compared to Group B (p = 0.02) and
Group C (p = 0.005). The 1 first minute of procedures had a higher number concentration compared
to the second and third minutes. SEM-EDS analysis showed different morphologies for various
implant systems. These results can be explained by the differences in the chemical composition and
microstructures of the different dental implants. Group B is softer than Groups A and C due to the
laser treatment in the neck producing an increase of the grain size. The hardest implants were those
of Group C due to the cold-strained titanium alloy, and consequently they displayed lower release
than Groups A and B. Implantoplasty was associated with debris particle release, with the majority
of particles at nanometric dimensions. BioHorizons implants released more particles compared to
Straumann and Zimmer. Due to the widespread use of implantoplasty, it is of key importance to
understand the characteristics of the generated debris. This is the first study to detect, quantify and
analyze the debris/particles released from dental implants during implantoplasty including the full
range of particle sizes, including both micro- and nano-scales.},
organization = {Graduate Periodontic, College of Dentistry, OUHSC and
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public Health, OUHSC},
organization = {Spanish Government RTI2018-098075-B-C21 and RTI2018-098075-B-C22 ( European Regional Development Fund (ERDF),},
publisher = {MDPI},
keywords = {Implantoplasty},
keywords = {Titanium particles},
keywords = {Debris},
keywords = {Nano particles},
keywords = {Dental implant},
keywords = {Peri-implantitis},
keywords = {Titanium alloy},
title = {Characteristics of Particles and Debris Released after Implantoplasty: A Comparative Study},
doi = {10.3390/ma15020602},
author = {Wu, Xixi and Padial Molina, Miguel},
}