@misc{10481/69820,
year = {2021},
month = {5},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/69820},
abstract = {Forest restoration is currently a primary objective in environmental management policies at a global scale, to the extent that
impressive initiatives and commitments have been launched to plant billions of trees. However, resources are limited and the
success of any restoration effort should be maximized. Thus, restoration programs should seek to guarantee that what is
planted today will become an adult tree in the future, a simple fact that, however, usually receives little attention. Here, we advocate
for the need to focus restoration efforts on an individual plant level to increase establishment success while reducing negative
side effects by using an approach that we term “precision forest restoration” (PFR). The objective of PFR will be to ensure
that planted seedlings or sowed seeds will become adult trees with the appropriate landscape configuration to create functional
and self-regulating forest ecosystems while reducing the negative impacts of traditional massive reforestation actions. PFR can
take advantage of ecological knowledge together with technologies and methodologies from the landscape scale to the individual-
plant scale, and from the more traditional, low-tech approaches to the latest high-tech ones. PFR may be more expensive at
the level of individual plants, but will be more cost-effective in the long term if it allows for the creation of resilient forests able to
providemultiple ecosystemservices. PFR was not feasible a few years ago due to the high cost and low precision of the available
technologies, but it is currently an alternative that might reformulate a wide spectrum of ecosystem restoration activities.},
organization = {Junta de Andalucia	P18-RT-1927},
organization = {European Commission	AVA201601.19	
A-RNM-256-UGR18	
AVA2019.004},
organization = {OTRI-UGR	4580},
organization = {city council of La Zubia	4580},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell Publishing},
keywords = {Aerial unmanned vehicles},
keywords = {Artificial intelligence},
keywords = {Drones},
keywords = {Ecological interactions},
keywords = {Forests},
keywords = {Remote sensing},
keywords = {Seeding},
keywords = {Sowing},
title = {Precision restoration: a necessary approach to foster forest recovery in the 21st century},
doi = {10.1111/rec.13421},
author = {Castro Gutiérrez, Jorge and Morales de Rueda, Fernando and Navarro Reyes, Francisco Bruno and Alcaraz Segura, Domingo},
}