@misc{10481/67714,
year = {2021},
month = {2},
url = {http://hdl.handle.net/10481/67714},
abstract = {Five agarose types (D1LE, D2LE, LM, MS8 and D5) were evaluated in tissue engineering and
compared for the first time using an array of analysis methods. Acellular and cellular constructs were
generated from 0.3–3%, and their biomechanical properties, in vivo biocompatibility (as determined
by LIVE/DEAD, WST-1 and DNA release, with n = 6 per sample) and in vivo biocompatibility
(by hematological and biochemical analyses and histology, with n = 4 animals per agarose type)
were analyzed. Results revealed that the biomechanical properties of each hydrogel were related
to the agarose concentration (p < 0.001). Regarding the agarose type, the highest (p < 0.001) Young
modulus, stress at fracture and break load were D1LE, D2LE and D5, whereas the strain at fracture
was higher in D5 and MS8 at 3% (p < 0.05). All agaroses showed high biocompatibility on human
skin cells, especially in indirect contact, with a correlation with agarose concentration (p = 0.0074
for LIVE/DEAD and p = 0.0014 for WST-1) and type, although cell function tended to decrease in
direct contact with highly concentrated agaroses. All agaroses were safe in vivo, with no systemic
effects as determined by hematological and biochemical analysis and histology of major organs.
Locally, implants were partially encapsulated and a pro-regenerative response with abundant M2-
type macrophages was found. In summary, we may state that all these agarose types can be safely
used in tissue engineering and that the biomechanical properties and biocompatibility were strongly
associated to the agarose concentration in the hydrogel and partially associated to the agarose type.
These results open the door to the generation of specific agarose-based hydrogels for definite clinical
applications such as the human skin, cornea or oral mucosa.},
organization = {Hispanagar SA, Burgos, Spain, through CDTI, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, Programa Operativo Plurirregional de Crecimiento Inteligente (CRIN) 

IDI-20180052},
organization = {ISCIII thorough AES 

AC17/00013},
organization = {Junta de Andalucía

PE-0395-2019},
organization = {Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I+D+i) from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) 

FIS PI17/0391},
organization = {Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional ERDF-FEDER, European Union 

PI20/0317},
publisher = {Mdpi},
keywords = {Agaroseagarose},
keywords = {Tissue engineering},
keywords = {Biomaterials},
keywords = {Biocompatibility},
keywords = {Biomechanical properties},
title = {Evaluation of Marine Agarose Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications},
doi = {10.3390/ijms22041923},
author = {Irastorza Lorenzo, Ainhoa and Sánchez Porras, David and Ortiz Arrabal, Olimpia and Campos Muñoz, Antonio Jesús and Campos Sánchez, Fernando and Alaminos Mingorance, Miguel},
}